SUMMARYA solution for the consolidation by vertical drains under time-dependent loading is presented in this paper. Considering the well resistance and the smear action, the simultaneous basic partial di!erential equations of the consolidation by vertical drains are obtained for the arbitrary loading method. However, the impulse function method cannot be directly applied to obtain the solution. The partial di!erential equations and the solution conditions that satisfy the impulse function method are obtained after some mathematical processing. The solution for the consolidation by vertical drains under time-dependent loading is obtained by virtue of the impulse function method and the solution under instantaneous loading. The solutions under single ramp loading and multi-ramp loading are obtained and the feasibility of Carrillo's method under time-dependent loading is discussed. Further, the characteristics of the consolidation by vertical drains under instantaneous loading and time-dependent loading are discussed.
Baroreflex modulates both the ventricular and vascular properties and stabilizes arterial pressure (AP). However, how changes in those mechanical properties quantitatively impact the dynamic AP regulation remains unknown. We developed a framework of circulatory equilibrium, in which both venous return and cardiac output are expressed as functions of left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance (Ees), heart rate (HR), systemic vascular resistance (R), and stressed blood volume (V). We investigated the contribution of each mechanical property using the framework of circulatory equilibrium. In six anesthetized dogs, we vascularly isolated carotid sinuses and randomly changed carotid sinus pressure (CSP), while measuring the LV Ees, aortic flow, right and left atrial pressure, and AP for at least 60 min. We estimated transfer functions from CSP to Ees, HR, R, and V in each dog. We then predicted these parameters in response to changes in CSP from the transfer functions using a data set not used for identifying transfer functions and predicted changes in AP using the equilibrium framework. Predicted APs matched reasonably well with those measured (r2=0.85-0.96, P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses indicated that Ees and HR (ventricular properties) accounted for 14±4 and 4±2%, respectively, whereas R and V (vascular properties) accounted for 32±4 and 39±4%, respectively, of baroreflex-induced AP regulation. We concluded that baroreflex-induced dynamic AP changes can be accurately predicted by the transfer functions from CSP to mechanical properties using our framework of circulatory equilibrium. Changes in the vascular properties, not the ventricular properties, predominantly determine baroreflex-induced AP regulation.
SUMMARYVertical drains are usually installed in subsoil consisting of several layers. Due to the complex nature of the problem, over the past decades, the consolidation properties of multi-layered ground with vertical drains have been analysed mainly by numerical methods. An analytical solution for consolidation of doublelayered ground with vertical drains under quasi-equal strain condition is presented in this paper. The main steps for the computation procedure are listed. The convergence of the series solution is discussed. The comparisons between the results obtained by the present analytical method and the existing numerical solutions are described by "gures. The orthogonal relation for the system of double-layered ground with vertical drains is proven. Finally, some consolidation properties of double-layered ground with vertical drains are analysed.
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