Fisher [1] recommended that occupation-focused practice (OFP), occupation-based practice (OBP) be undertaken within the occupational therapy process. In Japan, occupational therapy was defined as occupation-focused therapy, guidance, and support [2]. These emphasize the occupational therapists (OTs) do OFP, OBP. Wolf et al. [3] recommended OBP for adults with cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), which is one of the familiar diseases for OTs, to improve their activities of daily living (ADL) in the inpatient or home setting. The American Occupational Therapy Association [4] also recommends OBP for adults with CVA to improve ADL in the home setting (categorized as grade A treatment).OTs often treat patients with CVA in their acute phase. Patil et al. [5] investigated the use of gardening as a meaningful occupation in the initial rehabilitation of people with CVA. Bungay et al. [6] investigated the perceptions of patients with CVA regarding the impact of participating in a group dance session in an acute care hospital. The main advantages of these practices were as follows: (i) skills training, (ii) source of emotional support, (iii) opportunities for social interaction, and (iv) recalling of past experiences, which gives hope for the future. What these two studies have in common was that they investigated the effects of performing specific occupations such as gardening and dancing. Furthermore,
In Japan, it is estimated that 1.52 million people need cancer treatment [1], and the period of survival for those affected by cancer has been increasing [2]. Baxter et al. [3] reported that cancer treatments have been saving lives. However, survivors were often left with residual physical and psychosocial complications that prevented them from fully engaging in their everyday lives. These complications subsequently result in a compromised quality of life (QOL). Furthermore, the number of cancer patients who receive treatment or die at home is expected to increase because of policies such as the shortening of the admission period and promoting home medical care [4].Many cancer patients undergo chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery; experience side effects and complications from these treatments; and often live in the community with cancer recurrence, financial uncertainty, and pain. For the reasons mentioned above, it is presumed that a cancer survivor may find it difficult to perform well in daily life after discharged from the hospital. Peer support is one of the most effective supports in such cases. Peer support can be defined as the process of giving and receiving nonprofessional, nonclinical assistance from individuals with similar conditions or circumstances to achieve long-term recovery [5]. Furthermore, peer supporters often work with patients and/ or healthcare providers to address system-level barriers, such as fragmented care, financial constraints, other
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