First published in 2004, this volume is a provocative study of how American-led entrepreneurship transformed business education in Europe. Starting with Silicon Valley's high-technology businesses, and examining business schools in France, Germany and the Czech Republic, the book shows how management education shifted in response to an increasingly entrepreneurial business context. Traditionally, training focused on learning about existing models and how to use them to best advantage; there was little room to embrace continuous change. New technologies have been liberating, enhancing variety and change in European business schools. The educational emphasis has turned now to thinking 'outside the box'- embracing technological solutions, and creating organizations in which constant transformation is an everyday phenomenon. This study is an important contribution, and will be of interest to academics, students, and practitioners who are concerned with how and why business is and should be taught today.
determinants and consequences 2016) and will present problems in achieving other SDGs. Meeting such objectives over the next 15 years therefore requires a focus on reducing inequality, for both instrumental and intrinsic reasons (of tolerance and fairness), especially in countries where it rose or remained high for historical or institutional reasons. This must be addressed to achieve the 2030 Agenda. Based on the evidence provided in the various innovative chapters, the main areas for priority policy actions over the next two decades are then analysed. They encompass both the 2030 Agenda period and the first 10-year implementation plan for the African Union Agenda 2063. The problems discussed below certainly vary to some extent within the region (e.g. between Southern Africa and the Sahel) but, with rare exceptions, such as Mauritius, the measures proposed below apply, in different degrees, to all of SSA. And all countries must address the challenges that inequality poses to achieving the SDGs. Finally, the problems and policy responses set forth below are closely intertwined, but for ease of exposition, they are discussed in clusters. 17.2 Modify the regional 'pattern of growth' followed between 1999 and 2015 The first problem that requires policy attention concerns the suboptimal evolution of economic output structure that has occurred over the last 20 years in most of the region. This problem has also affected Latin America to some degree (Ocampo, 2012). As noted by several authors (AfDB, OECD and UNDP, 2016; Beegle et al., 2016; McMillan, Rodrik and Verduzco-Gallo, 2014) and in several chapters of this book, particularly Chapters 2, 14 and 16, much of the region has experienced an output reprimarisation, deindustrialisation and informal tertiarisation. Reprimarisation was due to the increase in the value added share of the oil-mining sector, export crops, and agriculture, where rural modernisation failed and there was a 'retreat into subsistence', or where food crop and cash crop yields increased. Moreover, with the exception of three countries out of the 29 with inequality data analysed in Chapters 4, 15 and 16, the share of manufacturing output declined clearly, reflecting the 'manufacturing malaise' discussed in Chapter 5. Such decline stands in stark contrast to the sizeable increase in manufacturing output recorded in all low-income Asian countries during the same years. By around 2010, SSA as a whole was producing fewer manufactured goods than Bangladesh (Page, 2012:51). To be clear, the intention here is not to promote a single development pattern focusing exclusively on manufacturing. Indeed, countries may follow many development paths. These depend on their factor endowments, location, market size, and other factors and it is normal to expect that different growth paths will evolve in SSA. However, it is difficult to expect that SSA as a whole will develop over the long term without creating a certain amount of critical mass in labour-intensive manufacturing and a modern services sector that can abs...
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