El presente artículo1 analiza si la problemática de los flujos financieros ilícitos puede ser explicada desde una perspectiva global o regional, identificando puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre los intereses de los países en función de las repercusiones que esta genera, así como de las propuestas de solución en actual discusión. El dumping social y la estabilidad financiera se cuentan entre los principales elementos de encuentro mientras que el reciclaje financiero y la representación de las instituciones que discuten las soluciones se pueden considerar como componentes de desencuentro fundamentales.
This paper analyses the scope, origins, justification, and commitments of the extended fund arrangement (EFA) signed by the Ecuadorian government and the IMF in March 2019. This agreement, which represents a little more than a third of Argentina’ Stand-By Agreement, promotes Central Bank independence, austerity, as well as structural adjustment policies, but its basic’ diagnosis omits external sector problems. This paper presents the implications and contradictions of the agreement to promote structural changes in the real sector and how these foster policies that protect the interests of bondholders and bankers.
In Ecuador, in a context of social and political conflict, the pandemic has revealed structural problems that are becoming increasingly acute for a country with a dollarized economy. The situation has its roots in inequality resulting from a number of sources and which has become more evident during the pandemic. A compounding factor is the dislocation of a population obliged to turn to informal work or self-employment due to the application of structural adjustment policies and deregulation of markets. The government boosts large-scale mining. Within this framework, the article proposes measures that could help to mitigate some of the problems faced by a country that does not have its own currency. A major component is a what we call conditional integral regulation, together with lines of liquidity which would promote the repatriation of capital. In terms of food sovereignty, while food is available, distribution problems in an agricultural sector based on the campesino and family economy are exacerbating a situation of chronic malnutrition in children.
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