BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (HP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been associated with cancer development. We evaluated the prevalence of HP, HP CagA+ and EBV infection in gastric cancer (GC) samples from adults and in gastric tissues from patients who underwent upper endoscopy (UE).MethodsSamples from UE and GC were collected to investigate the presence of HP infection and the HP virulence factor CagA by a urease test and PCR. The presence of EBV was detected by Eber-1 in situ hybridization.ResultsIn UE, 85.5% of juvenile patients showed some degree of gastritis (45.3% of patients with mild gastritis and 54.7% with moderate/severe gastritis) and patients with mild gastritis were younger than patients with moderate/severe gastritis. Among adults, 48.7% presented mild gastritis and 51.3% moderate/severe gastritis. HP infection was detected in 0% of normal mucosa, 58.5% of juvenile gastritis patients, 69.2% of adult gastritis patients and 88% of GC patients. In these same groups, HP CagA+ was detected in 0%, 37.7%, 61.5% and 67.2% of tissue samples, respectively. In juvenile patients, HP infection was more common in those with gastritis than in normal samples (p = 0.004). The patients with either HP or HP CagA+ were older than patients without these pathogens (p < 0.05). In juvenile patients, HP infection was more frequent in cases of moderate/severe gastritis than in cases of mild gastritis (p = 0.026). Moreover, in patients with GC, HP infection was more frequent in males than in females (p = 0.023). GC patients with HP CagA+ were older than patients with HP CagA- (p = 0.027). HP CagA+ was more common in intestinal-type than diffuse-type GC (p = 0.012). HP CagA+ was also associated with lymph-node (p = 0.024) and distal (p = 0.005) metastasis. No association between EBV infection and HP infection or any clinicopathological variable was detected.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HP is involved in the pathophysiology of severe gastric lesions and in the development of GC, particularly when CagA+ is present. EBV was not the primary pathogenic factor in our samples.

Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco relacionados à obesidade em escolares atendidos em um ambulatório de pediatria e correlacioná-los. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, com coleta sistematizada de dados acerca da prática de atividade física e níveis pressóricos dos escolares, além de dados antropométricos dos escolares e seus pais em um ambulatório de pediatria, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2015. Foram incluídas crianças na faixa etária escolar, de 5 a 12 anos exclusive de idade. Resultados: Observou-se uma prevalência de 38% de sobrepeso e 16% de obesidade. Quanto aos níveis pressóricos, 34% estavam dentro do percentil 50, 38% no percentil 90, 16% no percentil 95 e 12% no percentil 99 de pressão arterial. Quanto à atividade física, 86% foram classificados como ativos e 14% como inadequadamente ativos. Quanto à regularidade da prática da atividade física, 30% praticavam atividade física regularmente e 70% de forma irregular. Conclusão: A prevalência de obesidade infantil foi de 16% e 38% de sobrepeso.  Não houve relação de obesidade com práticas de atividade física e IMC dos pais. Foi forte a relação entre obesidade e níveis pressóricos aumentados. Modificações do estilo de vida para prevenção e tratamento da obesidade são de grande importância para prevenir eventos cardiovasculares no futuro.