This study was designed to determine if the levels of oxidative stress markers are influenced by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in mdx mice subjected to high-intensity exercise training on an electric treadmill. We used 21 C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx/J mice and 7 C57BL/10ScSn mice, all aged 4 weeks. The mice were divided into four groups: a positive control group of normal, wild-type mice (WT); a negative control group of untreated mdx mice; a group of mdx mice that underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill (mdx fatigue); and another group of mdx mice with the same characteristics that were treated with LLLT at a single point on the gastrocnemius muscle of the hind paw and underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill. The mdx mice treated with LLLT showed significantly lower levels of creatine kinase (CK) and oxidative stress than mdx mice that underwent forced high-intensity exercise on a treadmill. The activities of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in control mdx mice than in WT mice. LLLT also significantly reduced the level of this marker. LLLT had a beneficial effect also on the skeletal muscle performance of mdx mice. However, the single application of LLLT and the dose parameters used in this study were not able to change the morphology of a dystrophic muscle.

Abstract-Several studies have demonstrated an increase in peripheral resistance to insulin associated with hypertension. To assess the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of exercise training, normotensive and N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-hypertensive male Wistar rats were submitted to low-intensity treadmill exercise training for 10 weeks and compared with their sedentary controls. Blood pressure signals were obtained and processed with a data acquisition system (CODAS, 1 kHz) to evaluate mean arterial pressure, heart rate, autonomic control of heart rate, and baroreflex sensitivity. Exercise training induced a nonsignificant 6.5-mm Hg decrease in mean arterial pressure in trained hypertensive rats (163Ϯ9 mm Hg) compared with sedentary hypertensive rats (169.5Ϯ5.5 mm Hg). The hypertensive groups showed impairment of baroreflex function in response to changes in arterial pressure compared with sedentary controls. Furthermore, exercise training improved the tachycardic response to decreasing arterial pressure and reduced intrinsic heart rate in trained control rats compared with all other groups. Sedentary hypertensive rats presented a decrease in body weight compared with normotensive animals. Basal evaluation of the glucose/insulin ratio showed increased insulin resistance in sedentary (28.4Ϯ3) and trained (23.5Ϯ2.7) hypertensive rats compared with sedentary control rats (40.5Ϯ3). However, the glucose/insulin ratio evaluated during the exercise session in trained rats showed an improvement in insulin resistance (54.5Ϯ5 for control rats and 44Ϯ9 for hypertensive rats). In conclusion, L-NAME-induced hypertension is accompanied by an increase in insulin resistance in rats. The improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity during exercise and the body weight gain observed in trained hypertensive rats may support the positive role of physical activity in the management of hypertension. Key Words: insulin resistance Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ exercise Ⅲ autonomic nervous system Ⅲ baroreceptors H ypertension is a multifaceted medical and health problem related to morphological and functional changes in the cardiovascular system and autonomic control in humans and animals. 1 There is now convincing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecular messenger that plays a critical role in vascular relaxation, neuronal transmission, and immune modulation. 2 The importance of NO for cardiovascular homeostasis is demonstrated by acute 3-5 and chronic 6 inhibition of NO synthase by N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which leads to arterial hypertension. Changes in autonomic mechanisms 7,8 and baroreflex sensitivity 9,10 involved in cardiovascular control in hypertension induced by NO blockade have been observed. Moreover, several studies have suggested that NO blockade is frequently associated with changes in peripheral resistance to insulin action. 11-13 Previous studies have demonstrated that abrogation of NO release by an NO synthase inhibitor prevents the action of insulin involved in increasing blood fl...

The Brazilian Society of Hypertension (BSH) yearly conducts the National Campaign to promote and encourage the cardiovascular health of the population. Objective: To characterize the profile of the population assisted in the “ Less Pressure Campaign ” in 2018. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on the campaign MMM with the general public of the São Paulo city Brazil in May. The campaign comprised multi-professional interventions made by five workshops: 1)blood pressure(BP)measurement with automatic devices; 2)exercise guidelines; 3)anthropometry, i.e., measurement of weight, height, and abdominal circumference (AC) and calculation of body mass index (BMI); 4)nutritional guidance; and 5)psychological orientation. Data analysis was in accordance with the VII BSH Guidelines, which considered values ≥140mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) and ≥90 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP) as altered. Results: A total of 1184 individuals were assisted; of these, 49% (580) were men and 51%(604) were women. The mean age was 53.5±15 years, the total participants, 51% (627) declared they were normotensive, 32% (380) stated they were hypertensive and 15,3% (182) do not know if you have hypertension. The BP of 31% (380) of the individuals was altered compared with normotensive (627) as follows: SBP146.9±14mmHg vs SBP 115.8±12; DBP 90.9±10mmHg vs 76.1±8, and heart rate 78.9±14 vs of 79.2±12, respectively between hypertensive, normotensive individuals. The anthropometric data of the participants with altered BP compared with normotensive population were the following: weight was statistically significant (p=0,0407) 77±15kg vs 71.9±18Kg; BMI was statistically significant (p=0,0007) 27.5±14Kg/m2 vs 21.9±22Kg/m2; and AC was statistically significant (p=0,0000) 98.5±11 vs 96.4±11cm respectively between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. When analyzing the association between sex and hypertension, it was identified that 48.9% (186) hypertensive were female and 51% (194) were male, when the association was assessed no statistical difference was found (p=0.0658) between sex and hypertension. Conclusions: The study points to the need for investment in educational and awareness actions to promote better control of the hypertensive population