Studies have identified deleterious effects of stress on multiple cognitive processes such as memory and attention. Little is known about the impact of stress on interpretation. We investigated how an induced acute stress and more long-term stress related to life events were associated with interpretations of ambiguous stimuli. Fifty participants answered a questionnaire indexing the number of stressful life events. A median split was used to compare those reporting few or more events. Half of participants performed an arithmetic task that induced acute stress; they were compared to a control group performing a less stressful task. We measured the interpretation of ambiguous visual stimuli, which participants had to judge as “negative” or “positive”. We found a significant interaction between the number of stressful life events and the induced acute stress on the proportion of positive interpretations. In the control group, participants reporting more stressful events produced less positive interpretations than those reporting few events. In the induced stress condition, no significant difference was found. Life events tend to influence interpretation in the absence of an acute stressor, which seems to be more influent in the short term.
The aim of this study is to test the unidimensional 9-items factorial model, about psychological stress, with a non-clinical sample of Canadian students, evaluated by the metric principals of factorial analysis and internal consistency. A sample of 546 university students (Women = 79.6%, Men = 20.4%, Mean age = 23.2, Standard Deviation = 7.3) were used. The results of the exploratory factorial analysis (explaining about 55.3% of the total variance of the construct) and confi rmatory (GFI = 0.994, AGFI = 0.991, CMIN / DF = 3.77, RMSEA = 0.071, CFI = 0.985) satisfactorily confi rmed its unidimensionality. The results of the internal consistency study, obtained by Cronbach's Alpha, McDonald's Omega, Greatest Lower Bound coeffi cient, and also the EAP scores, ensure the accuracy of the tested model. New studies should explore and test other important metric qualities of this instrument (content validity and test-retest reliability, among others).
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