Key Points Question Is oxygen saturation index (OSI) a reliable surrogate marker of oxygenation index (OI) in neonates with hypoxemic respiratory failure? Findings In this cohort study including 1442 paired OI and OSI measurements from 220 neonates, OSI was noted to correlate strongly with OI. Derived OI from OSI was in good agreement and strongly predictive of clinically relevant OI cutoffs from 5 to 25. Meaning Derived OI from noninvasive measurements may be useful to reliably assess severity of respiratory illness and response to therapy on a continuous basis.

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