This study identifies indicators of college students, with prescriptions to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) stimulants, who are most likely to distribute their medication to nonprescribed peers. 2,313 undergraduate students at a large Southeastern University were surveyed from 2009 to 2011. 5.2% (n = 120) were currently taking a prescribed ADHD stimulant. Analyses revealed that distributors are more likely to (1) take their medication less frequently; (2) misuse their stimulants for "off label" purposes; (3) be a member of a fraternity; (4) overestimate the percentages of users; and (5) belong to at-risk peer groups. The work concludes by discussing the study's implications, limitations and future research.
This study investigated numerous complexities in medical decision making among obstetricians treating high-risk or complex pregnancies. Obstetricians in a southeastern state (N = 28) were interviewed using a guide based on the framework of message convergence. The study assessed how the physicians manage uncertainty surrounding patient care and engage in medical decision making in the midst of either unclear evidence or competing messages. As a result, the study found that message convergence plays a notable role in the obstetricians' clinical decision making. Conclusions and practical recommendations are provided, and theoretical extensions to the message convergence framework in the clinical and communicative practices of the physicians are also advanced.
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