Objective: Medialization laryngoplasty (formally type 1 thyroplasty) is an accepted treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis. The objective of this paper is to ascertain the complications following medialization laryngoplasty in patients with particular reference to implant extrusion.
Study design: The records of 85 patients who underwent medialization laryngoplasty were retrospectively reviewed fromResults: There were 3 implant extrusions noted only in female patients with cartilage removal technique.Conclusions: Implant extrusion rate following medialization laryngoplasty in our institution is comparable to published literature.
Bullying in academia is systemic, harmful, and hardwired into the organizational structure of higher education. Although relatively overlooked, the rates of bullying in higher education appear higher than workplace bullying associated with the corporate world. This paper reviews the literature on bullying in academia, the conditions that allow for bullying to persist, and the serious consequences for both individuals and the university. The paper ends with discussion of practical remedies, areas that need more research, and future implications.
Many Roman Catholic female saints have been virgin martyrs whose lives exemplify a feminine Christian ideal. This article examines the legend of the modern virgin martyr Maria Goretti, a spiritual template whose sainthood can be said to institutionalize violence by defining women as sexualized beings and potential rape victims. The social and psychological effects of the legend of Goretti are discussed as a form of spiritual and sexual terrorism.
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