Completion of the European Single Market Programme in FinancialServices has, as expected, set in motion a rationalisation process within the European banking industry, as banks respond to increasing competitive pressures that are having a dampening effect on their traditional business margins. Assesses the importance of these developments in the context of the policy options that are open to the European banking community in the new millennium. In particular, given the prospect of an integrated European economy, now commonly referred to as Euroland, the paper addresses, as its central theme, the potential for the development of pan-European banks that would then be in a position to configure longer-term globalisation strategies. Evolution in this direction, if it occurs, is important from a European Central Bank policy perspective, since it would raise systemic risk issues if a small number of European licensed banks became``too big to fail''. We conclude, however, that the most prominent strategic response is likely to be based on the European``regionalisation'' of banks and markets rather than pan-Europeanisation.