ObjectiveDietary intake of added sugars in the United States is significantly higher than what is recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and by other health organizations. There is limited research on how reducing the intake of added sugars would affect or change taste perception related to sugar. Our objective was to determine if sweet taste threshold and sweet preference changes in response to a diet intervention based on the recommendations in the 2010 DGA compared to an intervention based on the typical American diet (TAD) as described by recent surveys of U.S. adults.MethodsData for this report is from an eight‐week controlled feeding trial. Overweight or obese women, with insulin resistance and/or dyslipidemia, aged 20–65 years were randomized into one of two diet groups: the DGA diet or the TAD. Detection taste threshold was determined using a three‐alternative‐forced choice method and sweet preference was measured using the Monell forced‐choice, paired‐comparison tracking procedure. Measurements were obtained prior to the dietary intervention at baseline (BL), and after the diet intervention (ADI) to evaluate changes in taste acuity and hedonic preference. Data were log transformed, and analysis of covariance was used to identify differences between the two diet groups. In addition, the change in acuity and hedonic preference was calculated as ADI‐BL. Wilcoxon's rank test was used to identify differences in these parameters between the two groups. This is an on‐going study, with more participant cohorts being added to reach n = 44.ResultsPreliminary results were generated for the first 16 women (Age: DGA ‐ 45.0, TAD‐42.5 y; BMI: DGA – 30.4, TAD – 33.0 kg/m2) who have completed the study. Usual energy intake (kcals), and percent‐added sugars or sweet‐food intake were not different at BL between DGA and TAD (p = 0.92, 0.63, 0.92, respectively). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between diets in the change in sweet threshold or sweet preference. The DGA intervention, however, resulted in a larger reduction in the level of preferred sweetness compared to the TAD diet, when controlling for BL preference (p = 0.03).ConclusionsConsuming a diet following the DGA may possibly lower preference for sweet foods when compared to a TAD. Further, data from the complete cohort will be used to add to this report upon study completion.Support or Funding InformationFunded by National Dairy Council and USDA, ARS CRIS project #2032 51530 022 00D
BMI is a widely used anthropometric measure for identifying CVD and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. Two new anthropometric indices are A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) that may provide better correlations to features of MetS.MethodsSubject data were obtained from 91 overweight or obese (BMI 31.8 kg/m2 ± 3.7) women who screened for participation in a dietary pattern intervention study (NCT02298725). The screening consisted of collecting anthropometric, blood biomarker, and blood pressure measures. The screening measures were performed to identify participants who have metabolic syndrome.ResultsNinety one participants were successfully screened for symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Three anthropometric indices, BMI, ABSI, and BRI, were used to find correlations with clinical measures of MetS. Fasting OGTT Glucose (FG), Two Hour OGTT Glucose (Gluc‐2Hr), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) did not significantly correlate with any of these indices. All of these indices had a significant correlation with Triglyceride (TG) and log HOMA (Homeostatic Model Assessment). BRI and BMI had high correlations with several blood measures that are indicative of MetS.Out of the anthropometric indices studied, BRI was significantly correlated with TG (r=0.362), HDL (r=−0.418) and HOMA (r=0.303). BMI was significantly correlated with HOMA (r=0.400), log HOMA (r=0.405), and the Matsuda Index (r=−0.255). Although demonstrating significant correlations with several measures, ABSI had weaker correlations than both BRI and BMI in all cases.It is also of note that there is significant difference between the mean ABSI of participants who had one or less, two, or three or more primary parameters of MetS (p=0.0008). Similarly, the mean BRI of participants in these MetS groups were also different (p<0.001).ConclusionIn general, BRI showed a stronger relationship to dyslipidemic measures while BMI showed a stronger relationship to glucose intolerance. Both ABSI and BRI showed significant differences between participants who had ≤1 feature of MetS and those who had ≥3 features of MetS, suggesting a potential role of ABSI and BRI as anthropometric indices for predicting MetS. With our next 100 screened participants we will be using these indices to validate these relationships.Support or Funding InformationNational Dairy Council and USDA project #2032‐51530‐022.
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