The report contains a set of easy-to-program expressions for the calculation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of the five noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and of the 26 binary and multicomponent mixtures that can be formed with them. The properties in question are second virial coefficient B, viscosity η, thermal conductivity λ, self-diffusion and binary diffusion coefficient D, and thermal diffusion factor αT. The calculation of properties is restricted to low densities ( ρ≪B/C) but covers the full range of compositions and a temperature interval extending from absolute zero to the onset of ionization. Owing to the careful theoretical basis on which the algorithm has been erected, all properties are thermodynamically consistent with each other. Reference to a selected set of critically evaluated measurements provides a basis for the estimation of uncertainties. The report contains 54 abbreviated tables of numerical data and 86 deviation plots. It is asserted that the results are comparable to the best measurements that could be performed at present.

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Background Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from waste activated sludge (WAS) have previously shown its potential in corrosion inhibition. The aim of this study is to design a synthetic EPS formulation as a surrogate of natural WAS EPS to overcome the corrosion inhibition inconsistency in WAS EPS. The adsorption behavior of the designed inhibitor was studied by kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. Methods Synthetic EPS is a bio-inspired material that was formulated based on the most typical chemical compositions of natural WAS EPS, that is, proteins, carbohydrates, humic substances, nucleic acids, and uronic acids, which was not optimized for corrosion inhibition performance. It is a mixture of glutamic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, humic acid, thymine, and alginic acid. Its corrosion inhibition performance was tested with carbon steel in 3.64% NaCl saturated with CO2, using the potentiodynamic polarization scanning technique. The resulted electrochemical parameters were used to evaluate the empirical corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters. Results Addition of synthetic EPS showed significant decrease in corrosion rate as compared to the control. The inhibition efficiency improved with increasing inhibitor concentration and temperature. The optimum performance was 94% with 204 mg/L of inhibitor applied at 70 °C (343 K). The inhibition performance was controlled by both the concentration of inhibitor and temperature. Chemisorption of the inhibitor molecules contributed to the overall inhibition performance, reducing the contact of metal with the corrosive environment, thus, slowing down the overall corrosion rate.

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A time-dependent moment method for solving the Boltzmann equation, not restricted to elastic collisions, is applied to the description of the thermalization of a beam of electrons in a gas. An exact solution is also obtained for diffusion and velocity relaxation by elastic collisions at very short times, before appreciable energy is lost. These results are compared with a recent approximate theory of Mozumder for electron thermalization, using two model systems: the Maxwell model (constant collisions frequency), and the rigid-sphere interaction (constant collision cross section). All results are exact for the Maxwell model, but for rigid-sphere interactions the errors in the velocity and energy relaxation times from Mozumder’s method are approximately 25%. Many real systems are therefore probably described satisfactorily by the approximate theory, unless perhaps the cross sections have a peculiar energy dependence or inelastic collisions are important. If more accurate results are needed, the present moment method gives a systematic procedure for the calculation of higher-order approximations. Although the specific examples treated here consider only elastic collisions, the moment method applies to the case of inelastic collisions as well.

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