RESUMEN -La presente investigación trata de la relación causal de dos procesos asociados al esencialismo (creer en la existencia de una esencia común a todos los miembros de un grupo): la identificación social y la similitud. Su objetivo fue determinar el rol de ambos procesos sobre el esencialismo psicológico. Mediante un estudio transversal correlacional, 200 personas (muestreo no aleatorio) fueron medidas en ambas variables y en esencialismo (endo y exogrupal). Los resultados indican efectos diferenciales según el tipo de esencialismo (endo o exogrupal). El endogrupal es explicado por la identificación grupal (autocategorización y compromiso grupal). El exogrupal, depende de la identificación (autocategorización) y la similitud (homogeneidad). Se discuten estos resultados en torno a sus consecuencias para las relaciones intergrupales. Palabras-clave: psicología social, esencialismo, identidad social Social identification and / or perception of similarity: An approach to differential effects on ingroup and outgroup essentialismABSTRACT -The present study deals with the causal relation among two processes associated to essentialism (believing in the existence of a common essence for the members of a group): social identification and similarity. By means of a crosscorrelational study, 200 participants (non-random sampling) were measured on both variables and on essentialism (ingroup/ outgroup). The results indicate that the effects of both variables are not similar according to whether they belong to ingroup or outgroup essentialism. Ingroup essentialism is mainly explained by identification with the ingroup, and, especially for selfcategorization and group commitment. The outgroup essentialism, meanwhile, is explained by self-categorization (identification) and the perception of intragroup homogeneity (similarity). These results are discussed in relation to their implications for intergroup relations.
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