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This study underscores the degree to which people with schizophrenia perceive the state-enhancing effects of smoking and their lower appreciation for health risks of smoking compared with normal controls.

Background Pediatricians underestimate the prevalence of substance misuse among children and adolescents and often fail to screen for and intervene in practice. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends training in Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), but training outcomes and skill acquisition are rarely assessed. Objective We compared the effects of online versus in-person SBIRT training on pediatrics residents' knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills. Methods Forty pediatrics residents were randomized to receive either online or in-person training. Skills were assessed by pre- and posttraining standardized patient interviews that were coded for SBIRT-adherent and -nonadherent behaviors and global skills by 2 trained coders. Thirty-two residents also completed pre- and postsurveys of their substance use knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KABs). Two-way repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) estimates were used to assess group differences in skill acquisition and KABs. Results Findings indicated that both groups demonstrated skill improvement from pre- to postassessment. Results indicated that both groups increased their knowledge, self-reported behaviors, confidence, and readiness with no significant between-group differences. Follow-up univariate analyses indicated that, while both groups increased their SBIRT-adherent skills, the online training group displayed more “undesirable” behaviors posttraining. Conclusions The current study indicates that brief training, online or in-person, can increase pediatrics residents' SBIRT skills, knowledge, self-reported behaviors, confidence, and readiness. The findings further indicate that in-person training may have incremental benefit in teaching residents what not to do.

We examined tobacco craving and dependence in current smokers (18-65 years) with schizophrenia (N=100) and those without a psychiatric disorder (normal controls, N=100). During the 2-3 hour visit participants completed demographic and smoking related questionnaires and provided a breath CO sample. The Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-Short Form (TCQ-SF) was administered. Immediately after smoking one cigarette, no difference in TCQ-SF total score was Suzanne Lo has nothing to disclose Stephen J. Heishman has nothing to disclose Heather Gallagher Raley has nothing to disclose Katherine Wright has nothing to disclose Heidi J. Wehring has nothing to disclose Eric T. Moolchan is currently an employee of Alkermes Inc. with no conflict of interest to disclose Stephanie Feldman has nothing to disclose Fang Liu has nothing to disclose Robert P. McMahon has nothing to disclose Charles M. Richardson has nothing to disclose Deanna L. Kelly has consulted for Solvay, Janssen and Bristol Myers Squibb Contributors:Suzanne Lo coordinated normal control recruitment and study procedures at NIDA Bayview, and prepared the manuscript Stephen J. Heishman assisted in the development of the protocol, supervised normal control study procedures at NIDA Bayview, and prepared the manuscript Heather Raley coordinated schizophrenia recruitment and study procedures at the MPRC and assisted in manuscript preparation Katherine Wright coordinated schizophrenia recruitment and study procedures at the MPRC Heidi J. Wehring assisted in the study data analysis plan, presentation of the data, and manuscript preparation Eric T. Moolchan assisted in the development of the protocol, assessments and procedures, and assisted in manuscript preparation Stephanie Feldman supervised research activities and regulatory compliance at the MPRC and assisted in manuscript preparation Fang Liu coordinated study data collection, cleaning and management and ran the statistical testing and reporting of results Robert P. McMahon assisted in protocol development and supervised and developed the statistical plan for data analyses. He assisted in manuscript preparation Charles M. Richardson assisted in the protocol development and the recruitment and clinical care of schizophrenia subjects at MPRC. He assisted in manuscript preparation. Deanna L. Kelly designed and wrote the study protocol and assisted in writing the manuscript. She supervised the study procedures, regulatory compliance, and data dissemination plan.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. noted (46.7 ± 19.5 schizophrenia, 42.8 ± 18.2 controls, p=0.15); ...