Laser-induced photochemical reduction of aqueous [AuCl4]− is a green synthesis approach requiring no chemical reducing agents or stabilizers; but size control over the resulting gold nanoparticles remains a challenge. Under optical breakdown conditions producing hydrated electrons (eaq –) and hydroxyl radicals (OH•) through decomposition of water, [AuCl4]− reduction kinetics follow an autocatalytic rate law, which is governed by rate constants: nucleation rate k 1, dependent on eaq –; and growth rate k 2, dependent on the OH• recombination product, H2O2. In this work, we add the hydroxyl radical scavengers isopropyl alcohol and sodium acetate to limit H2O2 formation. Higher scavenger concentrations both lowered k 2 values and produced smaller gold nanoparticles with Gaussian size distributions and remarkably narrow mass-weighted size distributions. With sufficiently high scavenger concentrations, the mean nanoparticle size could be tuned from 3.8 to 6.1 nm with polydispersity indices below 0.08. Both the higher surface area-normalized catalytic activity of the gold nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of scavengers, and FTIR measurements, indicate no capping ligands on the nanoparticle surfaces. These results demonstrate that the size distributions of “naked” gold nanoparticles produced by photochemical [AuCl4]− reduction can be effectively tuned by controlling the reaction kinetics.

We used the Rasch (1980) model to develop new pictures for the Thematic Apperception Test (C. D. Morgan & Murray, 1938; McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953) or picture story exercise to measure need for achievement (nAch). In Experiments 1 and 2, we analyzed stories to assess the difficulty level of a total of 8 pictures using the multifaceted Rasch model with picture difficulty, story probe difficulty, and participant ability as facets with a partial credit model (FACETS; Linacre, 2005). A total of 6 pictures were retained and 4 new ones added for Experiment 3 in which 201 participants wrote 6 stories to a random set of the 10 pictures. FACETS analysis revealed improved person separation reliability. In Experiment 4, 206 participants wrote 1 story to the Studying picture either before or after filling out a battery of achievement-related questionnaires. The 2 experimental groups did not differ in the amount of nAch in their stories. The coder facet was demonstrated with 2 independent coders using the revised coding system for nAch.

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Introduction and importance Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are rare, benign tumors that can arise throughout the gastrointestinal tract, they are usually asymptomatic, and clinical presentation depends on the site of involvement. Gastric and colon IFPs are traditionally identified incidentally, whereas small intestinal lesions are often encountered in the setting of intussusception or during imaging studies. Complete resection via endoscopy or surgery is recommended. Case presentation Patient is a 52-year-old male without past medical history; he had a five-month history of mild colicky abdominal pain. A mass was detected in the small bowel, and surgery was decided. Since the mass was small a cooperative approach with an intraoperative enteroscopy was needed to locate the mass and achieve complete resection. Discussion IFPs of the small bowel require complete resection. Surgery should be performed as early as possible to prevent complications like intussusceptions, ischemia, and necrosis. Conclusions In these rare tumors, the collaboration between surgeons and endoscopists is indispensable to improve the patient's prognosis.

La calidad de la atención dentro de las organizaciones hospitalarias depende principalmente de la buena utilización de los recursos, especialmente el recurso humano; para enfermería resulta importante determinar la razón enfermera – paciente, con el fin de optimizar la calidad del cuidado, por ello, el profesional debe conocer las condiciones de los pacientes a su cargo, de tal manera que pueda definir cuanto personal requiere y su preparación. Se utilizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra fue de 98 pacientes, seleccionados a través del muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, la información se recolectó durante dos meses, mediante el instrumento “Test Delta” que determinó el grado de dependencia. Para el análisis se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS V20.00. Se identificaron cuatro categorías de dependencia: 22,4% válidos, 28,6% asistido leve, 22,4% asistido moderado y 26,5% asistido severo. Una vez categorizados, se calculó el recurso humano de enfermería, se estimó una dotación de trece profesionales para satisfacer las demandas de cuidado, los datos reportados muestran que la mayor parte del personal debe ser asignado a los pacientes en la categoría asistidos severos. Esto permite concluir que es importante desarrollar metodologías para determinar y asignar de forma eficiente, el recurso humano de enfermería, teniendo en cuenta el grado de dependencia, dado que está relacionado con mejores resultados en los pacientes.