ObjectiveTo describe the repair of large hard palate defects with a haired angularis oris axial pattern flap (HAOF) and to report the postoperative outcome.Study designAnatomical cadaver study and short case series.AnimalsOne cadaver and three dogs with neoplasia of the caudal hard palate.MethodsLarge caudal and central hard palate defects were reconstructed by using the HAOF. The flap, composed of full‐thickness skin and buccal mucosa, was rotated at the base of the angularis oris artery. The haired surface of the skin flap was placed facing into the oral cavity.ResultsReconstruction of defects extending as far rostral as the maxillary canine tooth were feasible on the cadaver. The flap in dog 1 healed without complication and was intact at day 649 after surgery. Two minor areas of dehiscence were noted in dog 2, without further evidence of complications at 1331 days after surgery. Dog 3 had upper respiratory obstructive noise due to swelling immediately after surgery. These signs resolved, but local recurrence of the tumor prompted euthanasia at day 86.ConclusionAnatomical studies provide evidence that the HAOF can be used to reconstruct caudal and central hard palate defects extending to the maxillary canine teeth. Its clinical use led to successful closure of such defects in three dogs.Clinical significanceHAOF provides an alternative for reconstruction of large defects of the caudal and central hard palate.
In the present study, we examine the effect of point defects and fission gases on thermal transport in representative actinide oxides used in modern reactors. In particular, oxygen interstitials and Kr/Xe fission gas bubbles are of primary focus. Reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics is employed to investigate thermal transport in UO2 and PuO2 with oxygen interstitials at the defect concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, and 5%. The results show that any alteration to the lattice structures of these fuels reduce their thermal conductivities significantly. For the largest UO2 structure simulated in the present study, for example, 0.1% oxygen interstitials decreased the thermal conductivity by 18.6%. For the case of the effect of fission gas bubbles, serious modification to phonon dispersion in oxide fuels is caused by the presence of a single fission gas bubble, resulting in a large temperature drop in their temperature profiles. The average interfacial thermal resistance across a fission gas bubble (comprised of 30 Kr and/or Xe atoms) is estimated to be 2.1 × 10−9 Km2/W.
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