The initial host response to viral infection occurs after؉ T cells, DC, and beta-chemokine-secreting cells. After vaginal SIV inoculation, all TLR agonist-treated animals became infected and had plasma vRNA levels that were higher than those of control monkeys. We conclude that induction of mucosal innate immunity including an IFN-␣ response is not sufficient to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.

The printed version underreported the levels of gene induction that topical application of imiquimod induced in some of the monkeys in experiments 3 and 5. The revised table does not alter the description of the results or the conclusions of the paper. The entire correct table appears below.