The goal of this article is to demonstrate that environmental sociologists cannot fully explain the relationship between humans and the natural world without theorizing a link between natural resource extraction, armed violence, and environmental degradation. The authors begin by arguing that armed violence is one of several overlapping mechanisms that provide powerful actors with the means to (a) prevail over others in conflicts over natural resources and (b) ensure that natural resources critical to industrial production and state power continue to be extracted and sold in sufficient quantities to promote capital accumulation, state power, and ecological unequal exchange. The authors then identify 10 minerals that are critical to the functioning of the U.S. economy and/or military and demonstrate that the extraction of these minerals often involves the use of armed violence. They further demonstrate that armed violence is associated with the activities of the world’s three largest mining companies, with African mines that receive World Bank funding, and with petroleum and rainforest timber extraction. The authors conclude that the natural resource base on which industrial societies stand is constructed in large part through the use and threatened use of armed violence. As a result, armed violence plays a critical role in fostering environmental degradation and ecological unequal exchange.
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present the viewpoints of a manager and head chef from a small restaurant using Menu-Safe, a new method of HACCP in the Hospitality industry. It is the seventh article in the second Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes issue of the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management presenting a new method of HACCP for the hospitality industry and proof of its utility. Design/methodology/approach -The manager's and head chef's viewpoints were obtained during interviews with the lead author. Findings -Both manager and head chef describe the positive impact Menu-Safe has had in their business, in particular in documentation and record keeping, supervision and communication, and training. Originality/value -The paper identifies positive feedback for the Menu-Safe system from practitioners and makes a recommendation that the method of food safety management is used by other businesses in the hospitality industry. It offers a unique viewpoint and provides practical advice for readers.
Schuster. ISBN: 978-1-4767-7623-1. 256 pp. (Hardcover)Autism touches nearly everyone. Either we have been touched personally by an autistic child, or have a friend who has a child who has been diagnosed, or we may know adults who have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The US Centers for Disease Control estimates that ASD will affect one in every 50 school age children, making it the most commonly diagnosed disability (Prizant & Field-Meyers, 2015, p. 3). As a result, school systems and the education programs that provide new teachers and therapists for special needs students are working to keep up with the demand.As a special education teacher, I have worked with numerous students with ASD, from Asperger to barely verbal. In special education, we are constantly seeking the best way(s) to teach, guide, and help develop ASD children. Drawing on my more than 15 years of experience in Special and General Education and as a teacher of college-level psychology, I have reviewed the book Uniquely Human: A Different Way of Seeing Autism, that addresses this and other concerns of both educators and parents in a useful and accessible way.Dr. Barry Prizant has more than 40 years working as a researcher and consultant for those with ASD and their families. He is an adjunct professor at Brown University and has more than 120 publications on autism, other developmental disabilities, and on child and human development more broadly. Tom Fields-Meyers is a parent who has raised an autistic son, as well as working as a former senior writer for People. He currently teaches at the UCLA Extension Writer's Program.The book is presented in two parts, and each part has about six chapters. The first part is about understanding autism, while part two focuses on living with autism. Dr. Prizant takes a unique perspective to autism. He prefers not to use a "behavioral assessment approach" to autism because he feels that approach tries to "define a child as a sum of his deficits" and that we measure success in a way where "we can make a child look and act 'normal'." Instead, he suggests that a more productive approach is to dig deeper into the psychology of the child to see what motivates the behavior, and if there are any underlying patterns. Dr. Prizant believes that what is commonly referred to as autistic behaviors are in fact "strategies the person uses to feel better" and regulate their emotions, which is something that all people do.The authors discuss listening, and highlight that as educators we need to actively listen to what the ASD child is trying to communicate. The book explains that echolalia, the tendency to repeat words, phrases, or sentences, can be an attempt to communicate and develop language. The remarkably simple, but seemingly difficult, advice to "listen, observe, and ask why?" is useful for
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