TDF-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B have reduced bone mineral density, but the reduction is limited to 1 anatomical site. Age and advanced liver disease are additional contributing factors, underlining the importance of multifactorial fracture risk assessment. FRAX can accurately identify those at greatest risk of osteoporotic fracture.

The development of highly selective agonists for the two major subforms of the estrogen receptor (ERa and ERϐ) has produced new experimental methodologies for delineating the distinct functional role each plays in neurobehavioral biology. It has also been suggested that these compounds might have the potential to treat estrogen influenced behavioral disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Prior work has established that the ERϐ agonist, diarylpropionitrile (DPN) is anxiolytic in gonadectomized animals of both sexes, but whether or not this effect persists in gonadally intact individuals is unknown. Isoflavone phytoestrogens, also potent but less selective ERϐ agonists, have also been shown to influence anxiety in multiple species and are becoming more readily available to humans as health supplements. Here we determined the effects of 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg DPN, 1 mg/kg of the ERa agonist propyl-pyrazole-triol (PPT), 3 or 20 mg/kg of the isoflavone equol (EQ) and 3 or 20 mg/kg of the isoflavone polyphenol resveratrol (RES) on anxiety behavior in the gonadally intact male rat using the light/dark box and the elevated plus maze. We first determined that DPN can be successfully administered either orally or by subcutaneous injection, although plasma DPN levels are significantly lower if given orally. Once injected, plasma levels peak rapidly and then decline to baseline levels within 3 hours of administration. For the behavioral studies, all compounds were injected and the animals were tested within 3 hours of treatment. None of the compounds, at any of the doses, significantly altered anxiety-related behavior. Plasma testosterone levels were also not significantly altered suggesting that these compounds do not interfere with endogenous androgen levels. The results suggest that the efficacy of ERϐ agonists may depend on gonadal status. Therefore the therapeutic potential of ERϐ selective agonists to treat mood disorders may be limited.

Background Health disparities continue to persist among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) communities. Objectives This study sought to understand the perspectives of community organizations in the Ulu Network on how researchers can collaborate with communities to promote community wellness. Methods Key informant interviews and small group interviews were conducted with the leadership in the Ulu Network. Results Five themes were identified that highlight the importance of investing time and commitment to build authentic relationships, understanding the diversity and unique differences across Pacific communities, ensuring that communities receive direct and meaningful benefits, understanding the organizational capacity, and initiating the dialog early to ensure that community perspectives are integrated in every stage of research. Conclusions Increasing capacity of researchers, as well as community organizations, can help build toward a more equitable and meaningful partnership to enhance community wellness.

were excluded. 80 (14%) subjects had past infection with HBV (HBsAg negative, HBcAb positive). Individuals with past HBV were significantly older than HBsAg positive and HBsAg, HBcAb negative subjects (p<0.001). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was highest in subjects born in Vietnam (17.4%, 4/23), followed by China (11.5%, 24/157), Hong Kong (8.3%, 18/288), the UK (6.7%, 5/75) and other (6.2%, 2/32). Only 12% of subjects reported previous vaccination against HBV. To date, 25 of the HBsAg positive individuals have been seen in our clinic. 1 was HBeAg positive (immunotolerant) and 24 were HBeAg negative. Of these, 3 have active disease (including 1 cirrhotic) and have been started on treatment. 14 have inactive cHBV and 7 are undergoing observation to determine disease activity. No cases of co-infection with HCV, HIV or Delta were found. Conclusion 1. Undiagnosed cHBV is common in the British-Chinese community of NE England, including subjects born in the UK. 2. A proportion had active cHBV requiring treatment. 3. If these results were applied to the entire UK British-Chinese population targeted screening should lead to approximately 32 250 newly diagnosed cases of cHBV. 4. These results provide evidence for a UK HBV screening and vaccination program for the British-Chinese community.

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