This work establishes the foundation for future systematic, broad-range investigations into antibiotic synergy for CRE, emphasizes the need for individualized synergy testing and demonstrates the utility of inkjet printer-based technology for the performance of automated antimicrobial synergy assays.

Apramycin, an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside, was rapidly bactericidal against In a neutropenic murine thigh infection model, treatment-associated CFU reductions of >4 log per thigh were observed for all exposures for which area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio was >50 and maximum concentration of drug in serum ()/MIC was ≈10 or higher. Based on these findings, we suggest that apramycin deserves further preclinical exploration as a repurposed therapeutic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, including .