13 Official annual trade records were consulted to obtain the Indian and British share of nineteenth-century trade. These included various issues of the Report on the commerce of Bombay, Annual statement of the trade and navigation of the Presidency of Bombay, and Annual statement of the trade of the United Kingdom with foreign countries and British possessions held at the British Library in London. Similar nineteenth-century American reports do not provide details on trade with East Africa. However, the Peabody Essex Museum's Phillips Library (Salem, Massachusetts) holds shipping records that report outbound cargoes to East Africaincluding quantities, values, and varieties of goods shipped -along with sales records at Zanzibar and subsequent purchases of East African products. These were combined with data derived from nineteenthcentury arrival and departure records of US ships at Zanzibar documented by American consuls, available at the United States National Archives and Records Administration (College Park, Maryland), to quantify nineteenth-century American trade with East Africa. Pawełczak (2010, 25) notes that statistics on Zanzibar's commerce reported by the American consuls during the 1880s sometimes represented guesstimates. While
The location of major textile manufacturing centres has shifted several times over the past 250 years, from Asia to Europe and the us, then back to Asia. Mainstream explanations for these shifts take a macro-approach and hence oversimplify the mechanisms behind them. We investigate these mechanisms at the micro-level of the household to gain a deeper understanding of the relocations of textile production worldwide. We do so by studying Dutch and Javanese households’ productive and consumptive behaviour in the period 1820-1940, when colonial relations between these two regions played an important role. We show that households’ labour allocation, livelihood strategies, and consumption preferences are crucial to understand the interaction between global shifts and local actors.
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