Objectives To investigate the extension of experimentally induced peri-implantitis lesions under various antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. Material and methods Fourty-eight albino rats had randomly received the following medications (dual application, n = 8 each): (1) amino-bisphosphonate (zoledronate) (Zo), (2) RANKL inhibitor (denosumab) (De), (3) antiangiogenic (bevacizumab) (Be), (4) Zo+Be, (5) De+Be, or (6) no medication (Co). Ligature- and lipopolysaccharide-induced peri-implantitis lesions were established at 2 maxillary implants over a period of 16 weeks. Histological (e.g., apical extension and surface area of the inflammatory cell infiltrate—aICT, ICT; defect length; defect width; CD68 positive cells) and bone micromorphometric (μCT) outcomes were assessed. The animal was defined as a statistical unit. Results A total of n = 38 animals (Zo = 6, De = 6, Be = 8, Zo + Be = 6, De + Be = 5, Co = 7) were analyzed. ICT’s were commonly marked by a positive CD68 antigen reactivity. Comparable median aICT (lowest—Zo: 0.53 mm; highest—Be: 1.22 mm), ICT (lowest—De + Be: 0.00 mm2; highest—Co: 0.49 mm2), defect length (lowest—Zo: 0.90 mm; highest—Co: 1.93 mm) and defect width (lowest—De+Be: 1.27 mm; highest—Be: 1.80 mm) values were noted in all test and control groups. Within an inner (diameter: 0.8 mm) cylindric volume of interest, the bone microstructure did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions The present analysis did not reveal any marked effects of various antiresorptive/ antiangiogenic medications on the extension of experimentally induced peri-implantitis lesions. Clinical relevance The extension of peri-implantitis lesions may not be facilitated by the antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications investigated.
Purpose To evaluate the volumetric stability of peri-implant soft and hard tissue prospectively, this study compared immediate versus delayed implants placed in the anterior esthetic region. Methods This non-randomized controlled clinical study included 25 patients, who received an immediate (type 1) or a delayed (type 4) implant placement for the replacement of a single anterior tooth. The anterior maxillae were intraorally scanned at three timepoints: before surgery (S0), 6 months (S1), and 12 months (S2) after surgery. A specific region of interest (ROI), divided into marginal and apical regions, was determined and superimposed for volumetric changes analysis. At 6 and 12 months, the probing depth (PD), bleeding/suppuration on probing (BOP/SUP), modified plaque index (PI), keratinized mucosa (KM) width, mucosal recession (MR), and implant stability (PTV) by means of periotest were recorded. Results Between S0–S2, tissue surrounding immediate implants was reduced in 0.37 ± 0.31 mm, whereas delayed implants gained 0.84 ± 0.57 mm mean tissue volume. Peri-implant tissue loss at type 1 implants occurred primarily in the marginal section of the ROI (0.42 ± 0.31 mm), whereas tissue gain at type 4 implants occurred mainly in the apical section (0.83 ± 0.51 mm). These values were significantly different between both groups for the entire ROI (p = 0.0452) and the marginal region (p = 0.0274). In addition, the mean buccal KM width around type 1 implants was significantly wider in comparison with the type 4 implants group after 12 months (p = 0.046). There were no significant differences between groups regarding PD, BOP/SUP, or PTV. Conclusions The results suggest that type 1 implants placed in the esthetic region experience more tissue loss than type 4 implants, thus marginal tissue remodeling should be considered for planning immediate implants placement in the anterior maxillae. Graphical Abstract
Aim: To assess the esthetic and clinical performance of a novel self-tapping implant system for single-tooth restorations in the esthetic zone after immediate placement and provisionalization. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 52 patients contributing a total of 52 immediately placed and restored implants with ≥12 months after functional loading, comparing two different implant systems: Straumann ® BLX (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland; 25 patients) and Ankylos ® (Dentsply Sirona, Hanau, Germany; 27 patients). As the primary outcome measure, peri-implant tissue esthetics were assessed by means of pink esthetics score (PES) rated by three independent clinicians. Moreover, as secondary outcome measures, the peri-implant tissue health was assessed by means of bleeding on probing, probing depth, and suppuration. Apart from that, the modified plaque index, keratinized mucosa width, and the presence of mucosal recessions were also assessed. When clinical signs suggested the possibility of peri-implantitis, radiographs were indicated to assess progressive bone loss. Results:The mean PES ratings were 12.10 ± 1.10 for Ankylos versus 11.2 ± 1.86 for BLX, both achieving good esthetic results without significant differences (p = 0.143).There were no differences among most clinical parameters (plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, peri-implant mucosal recession), although peri-implant mucositis was present in one-third of the cases. The inter-rater agreement on esthetics was not significant (p < 0.250). Conclusion:Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that the use of either BLX or Ankylos implant systems was associated to comparable periimplant health and good pink esthetic outcomes during immediate implantation and restoration protocols, for at least 12 months.
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