Aim. To identify the main types of risks, remarkable for agricultural dairy production, to evaluate the consequences of their increase and to substantiate a comprehensive system of managing them on the level of enterprise which would promote their minimization and neutralization. Methods. Common methods and techniques were applied in the study: a combination of scientifi c techniques of abstract-logical method of elaborating theoretical provisions, deduction method while isolating specifi c risks in dairy farming from the total amount, empirical methods of investigating the activity of dairy enterprises and computer generated simulation while substantiating practical instruments of risk management in agricultural dairy production. The correlation-regression analysis was used for statistical processing of the data and study results. Results. During the investigation the following kinds of risks in dairy production were isolated: natural, ecological, technological, market-related risks. The natural risk is related to the environmental impact, fi rst and foremost, to the change in temperature regime of the environment of keeping cows, ecological component of manure utilization. The technological risk is characterized by violating the conditions of keeping cows at farms, which is manifested via loss and disposal of cows from the core herd. It has been found that currently the distribution of diseases, i.e. epizootic situation in the country, presents increased risk for farms. One of the ways to neutralize and minimize the manifestation of technological risks is improving biosafety of stock breeding complexes and developing the insurance of livestock. In addition to risks of diseases (infectious, invasion, non-contagious) and other standard risks (fi re, natural disasters, etc.), it is reasonable to insure against the following kinds of risks: interrupted production (caused by death or loss of insured animals), after which current expenses for renewal of production or forfeited profi t would be reimbursed automatically or after submission of confi rmation documents; transportation of animals, including sea, air, and railway travel; expenses to remove the remains of animals after the insured event which caused their death; reimbursing the expenses for elimination of consequences, caused by infectious diseases, which made it impossible to renew the production without prior applica- tion of disinfectants. While evaluating market-related risks, special attention should be given to the relations of producers and processors of milk. Market risks are closely related to technological risks, as milk quality has a decisive impact on the formation of procurement prices. Conclusions. The systematization of risks in dairy farming should be performed in accordance to the total system of their manifestation and to specialized identifi cation which characterizes specifi cities of this sphere. The probability of most risks, occurring in dairy production, is considerably dependent on the effi ciency of managers of agricultural enterprises and partially on legislative and executive branches of power (in the part of legisla- tive provisions). Currently the mitigation of environmental risks is possible only on condition of searching for internal reserves of ensuring the stability of dairy farming, which envisages creating conditions for production of high quality milk, minimization of expenses for its production and sale, compliance with agreements with contractors.
The main systemic flaws and problems that led to the destruction of the planning and administrative model of the economy and the transition to a market, and in the agricultural sector were accompanied by a transformational recession in the 1990s and the emergence of recurrent agrarian crises in the future. It is established that the consequences of the decline in agriculture correlate with the scale of production by the capacity of the food industry, but with a shifted time frame. It was confrmed that, frst of all, the agrarian crisis covers agricultural production, and it further affects other branches and sectors of the agri-food complex. The peculiarities of the manifestation of agrarian crises of 2008-2009, 2014-2015 and 2020-2021 are revealed and the inter-crisis periods concerning the causes and consequences of noticeable fluctuations with the production of food enterprises are analyzed. It is established that the achievement of the pre-crisis (1990) level of food, beverages and tobacco products occurred six years after the "bottom" of the transformational recession, and agricultural products - twenty years later. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a worldwide crisis and an agrarian crisis in Ukraine which resulted in signifcant weakening of resilience due to reduction in food production. In this regard, it was important to identify and assess the degree of key problems development the agricultural sector, on the progress of which in the face of increasing market turbulence and will depend on the sustainability of the food industry. The key components for preserving and strengthening the sustainability of the food industry for the current stage have been systematized, in particular, satisfying processing capacities in safe and high-quality food raw materials and carrying out innovative and technological modernization of food processing enterprises, completing national food security legislation of Ukraine on sanitary and phytosanitary measures for the protection of animals and plants to EU legislation. It is established that the implementation of HACCP in food industry is rather topical in the need for a comprehensive solution to a number of problems in the feed-food chain "from feld to table". It is grounded that the practical observance of hygiene, safety and quality requirements will ensure the safety of products of animal origin. It is revealed that market operators comply with the requirements of national regulations, which are harmonized with EU Directives, technical regulations, standards, guidelines of good practice, and implementation of basic principles, methodological approaches and regulations of the Community in the feld of domestic sanitation. phytosanitary measures, form a single regulatory feld of veterinary and phytosanitary requirements for feed market operators. As a result, a transition to a qualitatively higher level of requirements in the chain "from the feld to the table" will take place and ensure their continuity and increasing the level of compliance with safety and quality standards of livestock products. It is emphasized that the advancement of Ukraine's agricultural sector on the path of integration into the EU internal market is accompanied by the emergence of new differences and inconsistencies between domestic and European requirements, changes in the regulatory framework and their implementation in practice. This is an important prerequisite for providing processing facilities with safe and high-quality raw materials and the production of competitive products, which will contribute to increase the sustainability of the food industry. Key words: agrarian crisis, market turbulence, development trends, stability of the food industry, regulatory framework for the production of livestock products.
The article describes the peculiarities and possibilities of cognition of the pralogical thinking of the psyche in the process of dialogue-psychoanalytical interaction of a psychologist with a respondent in groups of active social-psychological cognition (ASPC). The fact of the preservation of informational equivalents of the psyche under the conditions of its transcoding into thematically visualized forms of drawn and objectified self-representations is asserted. The paper summarizes the results of over forty years of analytical and professional training of psychologists for practical work. The purpose of the paper is to identify deviations of “Self” from the reality that are not controlled by the psyche, which reliably signal the subject’s personal problems. The objectification of the drawn self-representation process in ASPC groups contributes to the observation and research (in the dialogue interaction of the psychologist with the respondent), which has a mediated nature related to the objectivity of the psyche. This determines the accessibility and equality of opportunities for each ASPP group member in participation, in processing the results of self-representation, which helps to objectify the destruction of the psyche, which signal about their personal problems (deviations from reality for the sake of the interests of the “Idealized Self”). The main research method is the active social-psychological cognition (or rather, its transcripts), which is based on psychodynamic methodology. The general prerequisite for the implementation of the specified method is the process of objectification by the ASPC participants of their own psyche, followed by the analysis in the form of a dialogue between the psychologist and the respondent, with periodic intermediate and generalizing interpretative conclusions. The result of the study is the expansion and deepening of self-awareness by the ASPC participants, which catalyzes the leveling of the destruction of their psyche, generated by an internal stabilized contradiction (personal problem), which is subject to in-depth cognition on the objectified and accessible visual material, which results in psychocorrection. Conclusions. The effectiveness of a person’s participation in ASPC groups is based on awakening the self-preservation instinct due to strengthening the rationality of the logical thinking. Therefore, diagnostic and corrective cognition of the psyche by a future psychologist is extremely important for the development of their professional skills when helping other people.
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