Climate change is the megatrend that will have the biggest impact on the development of sustainable air transportation in near future. Aviation is expected to triple its proportional share of a Paris compatible 1.5°C budget, declared by UNFCCC Agreement for global temperature through 2050 under current international policies. Basket of measures proposed by ICAO to keep the temperature change under this limit, including aircraft technology (up to 25%) and operation improvement (up to 9%) for fuel burn reduction by engines and new revolutionary architectures of the aircraft, deployment of sustainable alternative fuels (over 40% of fuel burn reduction), market based measures (ICAO CORSIA) as pushing system for more quick and efficient implementation of the first three, etc. Pioneering sustainable technology is allowing the civil aviation sector to embrace the next generation of aviation through electrification and alternative fuel sources. Electric propulsion is proposed as one of the revolutionary technology changes in aviation, which should be assessed on possible contribution in reaching the climate change goal and one of the environmental goals of the EU strategic document Flightpath 2050. Existing potential and forecasted progress for More Electric Aircraft concept is showing quite limited reduction in fuel burn and emission. Full electric or hybrid propulsion may provide essential reduction, but in considered time frame it is looking to be very possible for implementation in groups of General Aviation, Urban Air Taxis and Regional Aircraft first of all. More than 90% of GHG emissions from global commercial aircraft operations are generated by Large Commercial Aircraft, so research to reduce commercial aircraft emissions will be most useful if it focuses on technology applicable to them.

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To develop approaches that effectively reduce engine environmental effect of aircrafts, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that have enabled improvements in thermodynamic efficiency of aircraft engines. In the present work, a turboprop engine used in regional aircrafts that produces 1948 shp and 640 N.m torque is examined using exergo-environmental method. The results show compressor, combustion chamber, gas generator turbine, power turbine and exhaust nozzle create 9%, 69%, 13%, 7%, 2% of total environmental impact of the engine, respectively. According to rates, the compressor and gas turbine can be considered first to improve in case of component related environmental impact. Furthermore, total component related environmental impact for the turboprop engine is found to be 2.26 mPts/s for the constructional phase and 2.34 mPts/s for the operation/maintenance phases. Accordingly, it is suggested that, in order to estimate environmental impact metric of aircrafts, the exergo-environmental analysis can be employed for aircraft propulsion systems.

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During last decade a lot of investigations also focused on the evaluation of aircraft engine impact on local and regional air quality in the vicinity of the airport. The emission inventory of aircraft engines are usually calculated on the basis of certificated emission indexes, which is provided by the engine manufacturer and reported in the database of ICAO. The certificated emission indices rely on well-defined measurement procedures and conditions during engine test. Under real circumstances, however, operation (power setting, time-in-mode and fuel flow rate) and meteorological (air temperature, humidity and pressure) conditions may vary from ICAO definition, consequently deviation from the certificated emission indices may occur. The TURBOGAS emission model was developed for assessment aircraft engine emissions with taking into account of the influence of the operational and meteorological conditions for to calculate precisely aircraft emission inventory, sanitary-hygienic zone around the airport and provide the environmental sustainability.