The results of studies on the concentration of fine dust concentrations during construction work are presented. A method developed by the authors for modeling the dynamics of air flow and the zone of distribution of impurities, taking into account external non-stationary factors during construction work on the basis of a specialized GIS application, is considered. It is proposed to use in contaminated areas after construction and repair and emergency work of a dust collector, which is aimed at reducing pollution. The main element of the dust-harvesting machine is designed for cleaning hard surfaces, namely from debris, sand and gravel masses, dust particles, estimates and liquid waste. The use of solar collectors in the dust collecting unit allows the dust collecting machine to have a long operating mode, it does not require additional energy resources when the machine is running.
The article discusses the effect of industrial enterprises on the contamination by fine dust of residential areas in the city. The results of studies on the concentration of suspended dust particles with a size of less than 10 mm and less than 2.5 мm in the production zone having ash dumps and in a residential area near the industrial enterprise are presented. In the residential area, near the industrial enterprise there is an increased content of fine dust. It is proposed to use the dust collection machine developed by the author to protect the environment on the territory of the enterprise and the housing estate, the action of which is aimed at reducing dust from the production facility. The dust collector allows not only daily cleaning of the areas of the enterprise, city territories, but also is effective after construction and repair-emergency works. The machine has increased maneuverability. It allows to clean up the territory in the cramped conditions of the industrial site, in the areas of compacted buildings. The dust collector can be used after construction, digging trenches and pits, near the ash dumps and man-made development.
The paper shows that the fulfillment of construction works influences the level of fine dust content in urban environment. Investigations of fine dust emissions in the zones of earth excavations and soil spoil banks caused by construction works were carried out. The authors conducted an integrated investigation of the physicochemical processes in the surface layer of the atmosphere in the course of construction works, which was based on the field and computational experiments. With the help of a laboratory wind-tunnel plant, it was revealed that the character of dust emission during the development of dispersive massifs depends on the climatic conditions, in particular on the wind velocity and the physical-and-mechanical properties of the rocks (humidity, porosity, plasticity indices). A specific-purpose GIS application has been designed which allows modelling the dynamics of air flows in the territories with anthropogenic development. The application is based on the methods of mathematical and simulation modelling, the methods of visualization and surface plotting as well as the methods of software applications development.
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