Ibuprofen is a poorly water-soluble drug, characterized by dissolution-limited oral bioavailability. One approach to improve its water solubility and bioavailability is by solubilizing it in micellar surfactant solutions. Here we investigate the effect of the surfactant type and the mechanism of solubility enhancement of Ibuprofen in surfactant solutions. The equilibrium Ibuprofen solubility in solutions of six surfactants was determined by HPLC. The nonionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), and the anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium lauryl ethoxy (3) sulfate (SLES-3EO) improve the Ibuprofen solubility by a factor of 200, as compared to the solubility in water. The highest Ibuprofen solubility is observed in SDS and SLES-3EO solutions, containing 0.6 M NaCl. The mole fraction of Ibuprofen in the micelles and the transfer energy of Ibuprofen molecules from the aqueous phase into the micelle environment were determined by thermodynamic analysis of the solubility data. The maximum Ibuprofen mole fraction in the micelles of all studied surfactants is exceptionally high (between 0.4 and 0.6). Thus we can conclude that the main mechanism of Ibuprofen solubility enhancement is a selfassembly within mixed micelles with the main surfactant. The energy of co-micellization is estimated to be around 14kT per Ibuprofen molecule.
We addressed the issue of C1q autoantigenicity by studying the structural features of the autoepitopes recognized by the polyclonal anti-C1q antibodies present in Lupus Nephritis (LN) sera. We used six fractions of anti-C1q as antigens and selected anti-idiotypic scFv antibodies from the phage library “Griffin.1”. The monoclonal scFv A1 was the most potent inhibitor of the recognition of C1q and its fragments ghA, ghB and ghC, comprising the globular domain gC1q, by the lupus autoantibodies. It was sequenced and in silico folded by molecular dynamics into a 3D structure. The generated 3D model of A1 elucidated CDR similarity to the apical region of gC1q, thus mapping indirectly for the first time a globular autoepitope of C1q. The VH CDR2 of A1 mimicked the ghA sequence GSEAD suggested as a cross-epitope between anti-DNA and anti-C1q antibodies. Other potential inhibitors of the recognition of C1q by the LN autoantibodies among the selected recombinant antibodies were the monoclonal scFv F6, F9 and A12.
BackgroundEvaluation of the diversity of Neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations of adult-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for the period 2012–2014 (extended 2014–2015) is presented. The most common complications are migraine, cognitive and motor disorders, seizures, cerebrovascular diseaseMethodsComplete clinical, rheumatological and neurological evaluation was performed using SLEDAI-2K, BILAG 2004, SLICC/ACR Damage Index test batteries. Immunological blood tests include C3, C4, Serum Cryoglobulins, ANA, anti-β2 GP I-Ig G, anti-β2 GP I-Ig M, Anti-double stranded DNA, anti-RNP/Sm, anti-His., Ro (SSA), La (SSB), anti-CENT B, anti-ribosomal P, ANCA followed by lumbal puncture, neuropsychological testing, Doppler sonography, EMG and EEG, brain MRI/CT.ResultsA total of 220 patients were longitudinally observed in 4 years period - 185 female, (84%), 35 men (16%). 82 (37%) patients presented NPSLE during the first 6 months. Consequent NP manifestations include: central vertigo (73.5%), headache (66.5%), cognitive impairment (33.2%), psychiatric disorders (18.7%), seizures (7.3%), cerebrovascular disease (10.6%), and polyneuropathy (3.5%). Positive anti-DNA antibodies (50%), anti-ribossomal P (20%), anticardiolipin antibodies (50%) were identified in NPSLE patients.ConclusionsPatients with SLE present with different NP manifestations. It is still difficult to provide accurate differential diagnosis between NPSLE and chronic cerebrovascular disease or MS especially when NP manifestations are the first symptoms of SLE.Disclosure of InterestNone declared
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.