In this article we present a tool for professionals who work in care services (24-hour services) with people with a type of dependency and/or developmental disability, such as dementia and/or Alzheimer's, intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders etc. Sensory interventions for these people are primarily focused on offering them better quality of life and increased emotional well-being. Sensations are the basis of well-being and are present and functioning in everyone, regardless of their level of dependence. The main challenge for professionals and institutions is to provide the most appropriate intervention to each person and, thereby, ensure a pleasant and enjoyable environment and daily activities that accord with his/her capabilities. It is necessary to start from the most reliable knowledge possible of the sensory capacities, tastes, and sensory preferences of the subject. The article includes practical examples of Sensory Assessments that allow us to elaborate the Sensory Profile of a person, involving every sense (visual, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, olfactory, gustatory, and vestibular), in order to identify the sensory capacities of the person, his/her tastes, and sensations of displeasure and discomfort. Based on qualitative observational methods, the article provides a practical guide to performing a Sensory Assessment.
This paper explores the problems which arise when people attempt to communicate across cultural boundaries. I draw on my fieldwork experience in various settings in Eastern and Central Europe -camps, courts, schools and businesses -where I found that communication works best when trust is established, and that the necessary step to fulfil this condition was to learn how to unlearn deeply rooted assumptions on both sides. The paper begins with a discussion of racial and ethnic stereotypes, drawing on a range of insights from evolutionary psychology and cognitive science. I then turn to memory myths, suggesting how to apply recent findings from specialized memory research. In the second part of the paper, I challenge the concept of "intercultural", which can all too easily legitimate the "clash of civilisations" ideology. In order to establish real intercultural communication, I suggest that we must abandon models of verbatim translation and instead take advantage of recent anthropological insights into how language works, how meanings are socially constructed and how shared understandings are achieved. In all this, I build on the work of linguistic and legal anthropologists who are already contributing to this endeavour and conclude with some meditations on the related themes of counter-dominance and laughter. Keywords: anthropology, applicability, communication, interpreting, culture, memory, stereotypes, unlearning Doubt is the beginning, not the end, of wisdom.George Iles IntroductionAnthropology is the study of what it means to be human. Its relevance and applicability to human problems has been assumed since this discipline's inception. In this paper I explore its relevance to language and communication. My specific focus is on how to avoid getting lost in translation as insiders and outsiders, experts and non-experts, the powerful and the powerless attempt to communicate across cultural boundaries. My argument is that as we enter this process of two-way communication on each side, it is important to learn, but equally to learn how to unlearn. To illustrate my thoughts, I will provide examples from my observations in various I have examined various settings in which official communication with asylum applicants takes place and present my findings from participant observation and ethnographic interviews with asylum applicants and discussions with border staff and decision makers. First, I examine how myths about memory manifest themselves during interviews in legal settings, comparing these myths with contemporary scientific findings concerning how memory works. During discussions with teachers and business personnel conducted while assisting with the teaching of "intercultural communication" and preparing educational materials for use in schools, I discovered they were interested in lists of rules about "do's and don'ts". I explore how this stance is linked to processes of stereotyping, and clarify to what extent unlearning could be helpful. Second, I focus on the failure to distinguish between language...
Modern Migration. Movement with Special SignificanceÚvod V současné době charakterizuje migraci především změna. Povaha migrování se s měnícími se možnostmi toku zboží, peněz a lidí proměňuje, stejně jako se mění vnímání migrace moderními společnostmi a s tím související politická regulace migrace (Barša a Baršová 2005). Sociální vědy přinášejí nástroje orientace v této spletité problematice a kritickou reflexi migračních událostí, opatření a používané terminologie. V neposlední řadě zvou k diskusi samotné nositele fenoménu migrace -migrující děti, muže a ženy.Je patrné, že pojem migrace podstupuje v posledních letech proces zmnožování významů, v němž může dojít až k zahlcení významy a vyprázdnění pojmu. Tento text se pokouší čtenáře existující nepřebernou terminologickou směsicí provést. Představuje migraci jak jako fenomén, tak jako výzvu ke konceptuálnímu vyrovnání se s tímto "stěhováním se zvláštním významem" napříč různými sociálně-vědnými disciplínami, které migraci tematizují. Postupuje přitom od politicko-demografických ke kritickým diskurzům migrace. V první části Sociální studia. Fakulta sociálních studií Masarykovy univerzity, 1/2006. S. 13-27. ISSN 1214-813X.The text introduces modern migration as a phenomenon bound to the geopolitical organization of space according to the logic of the nation state. Generally speaking, social science treats modern migration either descriptively, adopting the notions of political regulation of migration, or they critically analyze these notions, looking for the conditions of their origin and bringing new terminology into the studies of migration. Diverse scientific discourses of migration are introduced through UN global migration statistics, discussion of the relevance of Geneva Convention in the contemporary world with the new term "bogus refugee" and general overview of disciplines that are dealing with migration. There are four relevant aspects of any theoretical approach to migration: whether it is conventional or critical towards the political discourse of migration, what level of analysis it prefers, what moment in a migration event it focuses on, and which disciplinary tradition it follows. Further, the major social science disciplines dealing with migration are introduced from these four aspects as well as their basic hypotheses. Finally, discussed also is that despite relatively small numbers of migrating people, modern migration events and concepts are bound up with the reconfiguration of the world geopolitical order and new understandings of social inequality and space. ABSTRACT KEY WORDSGeneva Convention, inequality, modern state regulations, scientific discourses on migration, space
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