Findings suggest that self-management interventions in populations with low income or low health literacy are most effective when three to four self-management skills are utilized, particularly when problem-solving is targeted. Healthcare providers and researchers can use these findings to develop education strategies and tools for populations with low income or low health literacy to improve chronic illness self-management.

Aspects of self-directed learning may benefit future careers for student peer mentors. Opportunities for program enhancement include coping and communication skills for peer mentors. Future "scaled-up" evaluations are needed for ongoing quality improvements using multimethod approaches. [J Nurs Educ. 2018;57(7):422-425.].

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