Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the frictional resistance of Conventional, Teflon, and Epoxy coated stainless steel archwires in Metal, Ceramic brackets. Materials and Methods: 0.019” x 0.025” Stainless steel arch wire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Teflon coated stainless steel archwire. (D-TechTM) – 30n, 0.019” x 0.025” Epoxy coated stainless steel archwire. (G & HTM) – 30n, 0.22 MBT Stainless steel (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM,) lower incisor brackets – 30n, 0.22 MBT Ceramic (Gemini- 3M UnitekTM), lower incisor brackets – 60n. The wires are cut into 5cm long and are ligated to bracket using 0.010- inch ligature wire. Acrylic block is placed in lower arm of Instron universal testing machine, free end of wire is pulled with upper arm of universal testing machine, at a rate of 10 mm/ min while the wire is placed parallel to long axis of bracket and tooth, and a load of 50 kg was used to measure frictional forces. Results: Stainless steel bracket combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 2.640N (mean) and minimum was 0.307N (mean) with a SD of ±1.2275 (0.6618). Stainless-steel bracket combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 10.3N and minimum was 5.62N with a SD of ± 7.3513 (1.8975). Stainless steel bracket combined with Teflon coated SS wire maximum Friction noted was 5.59N and minimum was 1.66N with a SD of ± 1.8652 (0.9545). Ceramic brackets combined with Stainless Steel wire showed maximum Friction 10.88N and minimum 4.29N with a SD of ± 6.55529 (1.6081). Ceramic brackets combined with Epoxy coated SS wire showed maximum Friction 14.88N and minimum 5.62 with a SD of ± 9.3305 (2.4077) Ceramic brackets combined with Teflon coated SS wire showed maximum Friction of 6.93N and minimum 4.31N with a SD of ±6.3483 (1.2302) Conclusions: Stainless steel brackets combined with stainless steel archwires or Teflon coated archwires may be used effectively in sliding mechanics, rather than ceramic brackets and tooth-colored epoxy coated archwires.
Introduction: After fixed orthodontic treatment, following bracket removal, the debonding procedure should lead to restitutio ad integrum of the enamel or, at least, restore the enamel surface as closely as possible to its pretreatment condition. Adhesion of brackets in orthodontics is that they should be strong enough to prevent failure during all treatment but also low enough, so that enamel damage would be minimal during bracket removal after treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 60 premolars were collected and stored in distilled water. The extracted teeth were divided into two groups of 30 each, group A was to be bonded with self-cure adhesive while group B light cure adhesive was to be used. A standardised protocol was followed for adhering the brackets to the tooth surfaces. All the teeth were bonded with metal brackets (3M Unitek, Gemini Twin Brackets 0.022 slot). In group A, bonding adhesive (3M Unitek self cure adhesive primer) was applied. In group B, the bonding adhesive (3M Unitek light cure adhesive primer) was photopolymerized for 10 seconds after application. Results: Surface roughness of enamel as assessed by profilometry shows that light cure adhesive creates more roughness as compared to self cure adhesive. To conclude, self cure adhesive is clinically better than light cure adhesive. Discussion: In the present study enamel surface roughness were compared after debonding. Enamel surface roughness after bracket debonding depends on a host of factors, which include – brackets, adhesive used and method of remnant removal.
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