This paper reports on a small-scale case study of five newly qualified teachers in one school. The aim of the study was to identify the context and learning factors that enable and constrain the professional growth of new teachers, and to locate the place of formal induction arrangements within the broader experiences of the first year in teaching. The research adopts a narrative-biographical approach, combined with a micro-political perspective, and draws on the findings reported by Michael Eraut concerning the learning and context factors that affect professional growth in other domains. The findings suggest that more attention to these factors could inform the implementation of formal induction procedures and make the process more meaningful for beginning teachers.
This article examines the views of the English Teaching Profession about the current National Curriculum for English, the Cox Models of English and the rationale for their subject. It compares the results of a survey in 1997 with an earlier study in 1991, revealing that English teachers are increasingly opposed to the dogmatic and prescriptive nationalistic Cultural Heritage model enshrined in the current Orders for English. The curriculum is perceived as irrelevant and impersonal. Teachers are holding on to their faith in Personal Growth and the value of literature in developing personal responses. However, they are also increasingly adopting a more Cultural Analysis stance to their teaching, chiefly through their advocacy of the importance of media education. This change is embroiled with tensions and uncertainties and English remains an arena of conflict in which debate and controversy are rife.
This article examines the definitions of literacy in operation in secondary schools, and the relationship between official literacy policy and the practices of the agents responsible for implementing this policy. We trace the history of national 'policy' back to the Language Across the Curriculum movement of the 1970s as it provides an illustrative point of comparison with the first five years of the National Literacy Strategy. Drawing on empirical data which illuminate the views, perceptions and practices of key agents on a number of levels, we critically review the concept of 'school literacy' promoted in government policy, defining it as 'school-centric literacy' and question its ability to facilitate participation in the practices associated with the media and technological literacies which are increasingly a feature of school life. There is evidence of some unplanned effects of the current national policy but also that levels of agency, for literacy teachers in particular, may be rapidly diminishing.
Loss of hydrocarbon containment accidents present the greatest threat to the offshore workforce. Hence it is imperative that the highest standards are maintained with respect to the design and operation of offshore process plant. The Offshore Safety Division (OSD) of the UK Health and Safety Executive, the British health and safety regulatory body, has undertaken a series of theme audits examining the management of offshore hydrocarbon production facilities. The focus for the audits was the adequacy of the safety management systems in place to control hydrocarbon containment and included both design and operational aspects. The paper discusses the principal findings from the audits and describes actions required to further improve process plant integrity management over the lifecycle of an offshore installation.
Since the introduction of the Offshore Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 1992 and other goal setting legislation such as the Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (Design and Construction) Regulations 1995, the HSE OSD has undertaken the examination of a number of new projects undertaken by dutyholders. During 1998 and 1999 a number of design management theme audits (design reviews) were undertaken with a view to determining the key processes which have an impact upon health and safety performance during design management from conceptual selection through to detailed design, construction and commissioning. This paper discusses the principal findings from the audits. It also describes how HSE OSD is taking forward the findings through the various tools it has at its disposal. Introduction The main purpose of the design reviews was to examine current arrangements within the UK offshore sector whereby oil and gas companies managed health and safety throughout all phases of a new project, from conception through to construction and commissioning. These arrangements were viewed against the current legislative climate viz, the Safety Case Regulations 1992. Under this legislation oil and gas companies who develop new fields are required to submit to HSE a design safety case, Regulation 4(1), (DSC) at such a time before completion of the design in order that HSE can review matters relating to health and safety. Experience has shown that these arrangements are reported in an unsatisfactory manner, which make it difficult for the HSE to have meaningful feedback to influence health and safety aspects. This is because the HSE are not fully integrated in the design process. Invariably, the DSC submission results in concerns being raised by HSE and often, meaningful change cannot be undertaken due to the fact that the design is far to advanced. The tendency is for the DSC to describe the risk advantages of the final design rather than explore fully the development from concept. Experience gained during the DSC assessment process has shown that the achievement of an installation whose design result in risks to the work forces health and safety being as low as is reasonably practicable (ALARP) depends to a significant extent on the efforts applied to achieve inherently safer design at the earliest stages. The design reviews followed the key points below, which are expanded upon within this paper.The demonstration of ALARP, that risks were reduced to as low as reasonably practicable, throughout all stages of the design process.Health and Safety risk considerations, particular during the conceptual stages of design.Dutyholders used external consultants to examine their management of commercial risks during the design process. However, they did not examine their implementation of health and safety in the same rigour.Identify how the dutyholder reduced risks. This paper does not intend to fully cover all processes in design management. Its purpose is to highlight key aspects of design management using HSE's management model HSG 65(1), whereby the HSE, through its reviews, identified weaknesses which needed further development or strengths which needed promotion.
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