ACTRN12615000231549.

s u m m a r yObjective: To synthesise and evaluate the current evidence investigating muscle size and composition in non-inflammatory articular hip pathology. Methods: A systematic review of five electronic databases, using three concepts; articular hip pathology (e.g., osteoarthritis (OA)); hip muscles; and outcomes (e.g., muscle size and adiposity) was undertaken. Studies addressing non-inflammatory or non-traumatic articular hip pain, using measures of muscle size and adiposity were included and appraised for risk of bias. Data was extracted to calculate standardised mean differences (SMD) and pooled where possible for meta-analysis. Results: Thirteen cross-sectional studies were included; all studies measured muscle size and 5/13 measured adiposity. In OA, there was low to very low quality evidence of no difference in hip muscle size, compared with matched controls. In unilateral OA, there was low to very low quality evidence of smaller size in gluteus minimus (SMD À0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) À0.74, À0.01), gluteus medius (À0.44; 95% CI: À0.83, À0.05) and gluteus maximus (À0.39; 95% CI: À0.75, À0.02) muscles in the symptomatic limb. Individual studies demonstrated non-uniform changes in muscle size in OA. No significant difference was observed in muscle size in other pathologies or in adiposity for any group. Conclusion: There is some low quality evidence that specific hip muscles are smaller in unilateral hip OA. Variation in the magnitude of differences indicate changes in size are not uniform across all muscles or stage of pathology. Studies in larger cohorts investigating muscle size and composition across the spectrum of articular pathologies are required to clarify these findings.

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After the death of his first wife, Peggy in 1773, James Watt wrote: 'In her I lost the comfort of my life, a dear friend and a faithful wife.' While much has been written about Watt's business and scientific partnerships with men, his domestic life and his marital partnerships have received less attention. This chapter considers the support Watt received from his two wives, Peggy and Ann Watt, both personally and professionally. By considering Watt's domestic relationships, and home as both a personal and professional space, this chapter counterbalances the prevailing presentation of Watt, which limits him to a scientific, technical and thus presumptively male context. This chapter seeks to re-evaluate Watt within a domestic and gendered framework to consider the nature and extent of Peggy and Ann's involvement with Watt's technological innovations and business concerns, as well as Watt as a husband and father.