The self-evaluation of health in Latvia has recently gained a special awareness, due to the financing for health being among the lowest in the European Union. Latvia has recently faced various difficulties, such as problems paying the salaries of medical personnel, and medical personnel emigrating to work in other countries. The aim of the study is to analyse the self-evaluation of health by inhabitants in the regions of Latvia. Research methods used in the preparation of this paper: the analysis of scientific publications and results of previously conducted research; the analysis of the results of a survey on household income and expenses conducted by the EU-SILC and the European Central Bank, compared with the results from other EU countries. The results of the survey are analysed using descriptive statistics indicators and cross-tabulations for the regions of Latvia. For areas, urban-rural living and ANOVA analysis of variance are used. To analyse self-evaluations by regions, the correlation of the relationship between health self-evaluation and educational level is used. The results of the analysis indicate that the situation of the regions of Latvia in the context of health self-evaluation is very different, and that there are very big demands on decision makers to find the best possible solution.
Material deprivation has recently gained prominence as a topic of debate as its proliferation is reising throughout Europe in particular in the countries hit hardest by financial and economic turbulences what leads to the gap in material deprivation levels throughout Europe. The aim of the study is to analyze material deprivation in the regions of Latvia. Research methods used in preparation of the paper: scientific publication and previous conducted research results analysis, analysis of anonimised data of EU-SILC survey results and European Central Bank conducted survey on Household income and expenses survey results, results are compared with the results of other EU countries. Survey anonimised data are analyzed using indicators of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations for regions of Latvia, for urban-rural living and analysis of variance-ANOVA are used. The results of analysis have indicated in what situation are regions of Latvia in the context of material deprivation especially in Latgale region and what are the challenges for decision makers to deal with-more attention for several approaches in reduction of income differences in regions of Latvia.
The recent increase of online stores increases consumer desire to buy a product without stepping out of the house. Although shopping online in Latvia is not as popular as elsewhere in Europe and the world-only 55% of Internet users in Latvia shop online-local internet stores face a lot of problems, from which delivery is the main one and it affects both-customers and companies. Delivery is important factor in creating trust to particular online store for customers and there are lot of external factors that influence delivery from company viewpoint. The aim of the research is to find the main problems customers face when shopping online, how delivery affects consumers' online store choice, and make comparisons with results in other countries. Research methods used: scientific publications studies, studies of statistics on internet shopping development, survey realised in Latvia at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018 on internet shopping in cooperation with company iMarketing, University of Latvia and Chamber of Trade and Commerce of Latvia. For many aspects in the evaluation of opinion of respondents was used an evaluation scale 1-10, where 1-do not agree with the statement; 10-fully agree with statement. For data analysis there were used indicators of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, statistical tests of hypotheses and correlation analysis. Main results and findings of the study, theoretical and practical implications of the work: response rate of respondents was very high in comparison with other surveys, respondents have expressed also their suggestions for delivery from online stores. Main conclusions: people in Latvia mainly do not use internet for shopping, but if they do, they face several problems; delivery is one of them. Customers in Latvia are not willing to pay for delivery at all, even in the case if there is a possibility to receive the product on the day of the purchase. Also, the main factor that would 1 The research was supported by the project "INTERFRAME-LV".
Income differences in regions of Latvia is becoming a greater problem for families as there are made decisions for emigration, for municipalities as there are significant reductions in tax (income and property) payers and for entrepreneurs as there are less customers for their products and services: those aspects are on great importance but not enough researched and discussed in academic research. Purpose of the study is to analyse income differences in the regions of Latvia. The tasks of the study: 1) to review theoretical background of income differences in context of regional development; 2) to review existing research of income differences in the regions in EU; 3) to analyse problems of income indifferences in the regions of Latvia. Research methods used in preparation of the paper: scientific publication and previous conducted research results analysis, analysis of EU-SILC results (in 2014-2017) and European Central Bank conducted survey on Household income and expenses survey results, results are compared with the results of other Eurozone countries. Survey results are analysed using indicators of descriptive statistics (indicators of central tendency or location - arithmetic mean, mode, median), indicators of variability (indicators of dispersion - range, standard deviation and standard error of mean), cross-tabulations for regions in Latvia, for household members, for urban – rural living and analysis of variance - ANOVA are used. The results of analysis have indicated different challenges for decision makers on different levels.
Recent developments of internet applications and increase in application of various information technologies have supported fast development of internet shopping worldwide and also important topics for academic researchers. Aim of the research: check findings of recent preferences by customers on internet shops and factors for internet shop choice, different aspects on internet shopping and comparisons with academic research results in other countries. Tasks: scientific findings studies and empirical investigations on customer preferences and determining factors for choice of different factors in internet shopping. Research methods used: recent scientific publications studies, studies of statistics on internet shopping development, survey on internet shop choice and on internet shopping in Latvia realised at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018. Survey was developed and realised in co-operation with company specialising on internet marketing: iMarketing, University of Latvia and Chamber of Trade and Commerce of Latvia. Respondents were selected randomly in assistance of Chamber of Trade and Commerce of Latvia. Survey was filled in by 2530 respondents. For many aspects in evaluation of opinion of respondents it was used evaluation scale 1 – 10, where evaluation by 1 was - do not agree with the statement; 10 – fully agree with the statement. For data analysis there were used indicators of descriptive statistics: indicators of central tendency or location (arithmetic mean, mode, median, quartiles), indicators of variability (variance, standard deviation, standard error of mean), cross – tabulations, statistical tests of hypotheses, multivariate analyse methods: regression and correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), factor analysis and other data analysis methods. Main results and findings of the study, theoretical and practical implications of the work: response rate of respondents was very high in comparison with other surveys; respondents have expressed also their suggestions for internet shopping improvements; respondents have indicated the most attractive internet shops by their views. Main conclusions: increase in internet shopping in Latvia is not increasing so fast as in other countries, customers use also mobile devices for shopping on internet.
In the National Development Plan of Latvia 2014-2020 it is written that society is aware that social, regional and opportunity inequalities can be reduced by a high overall employment rate in which everyone seeks for productivity. High employment rate is important not only for decreasing inequalities in country, but also for promoting economic growth. There have always been employment challenges in Latvia that are complex and insufficiently researched in academic research. The aim of the study is to analyse economic activity in Latvia by regions, education level, age group and gender. Research methods used in preparation of the article: scientific publication and previous conducted research results analysis, analysis of Labour Force Survey results (in 2014-2017) which are compared with the results of other European Union and OECD countries. Survey results are analysed using indicators of descriptive statistics (indicators of central tendency or location -arithmetic mean, mode, median), indicators of variability (indicators of dispersion -range, standard deviation and standard error of mean), cross-tabulations by regions in Latvia, by level of education, by age group, by gender and analysis of variance -ANOVA are used. The results of analysis indicated that the highest unemployment rate is in Latgale region and the higher the level of education, the less likely it is to be unemployed in Latvia.
Within development of telecommunication, e-commerce is rapidly replacing traditional shopping as well as offering new ways to pay for goods. Payment is one of the main phases of buying decision process and it is crucial to e-commerce, because there is a big possibility that consumer will abandon the shopping cart if preferred payment method is not available. Not only flexible payment options can help company to attract and retain customers, but it also can ensure that company get paid more quickly. The aim of the research is to find out how much money Latvian customers invest when shopping online and which payment methods they use to pay for the purchase on internet in Latvia. Research methods used in the study are scientific publication studies, studies of statistics on internet shopping development, survey realised in Latvia at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018 on internet shopping in cooperation with company iMarketing, University of Latvia and Chamber of Trade and Commerce of Latvia. For many aspects in evaluation of opinion of respondents it was used evaluation scale 1-10, where do not agree with the statement; 10-fully agree with statement. For data analysis there were used indicators of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, statistical tests of hypotheses, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis. Main results and findings of the study reveals that the most commonly used payment methods for online purchases in Latvia are paying with debit or credit card at the moment of purchase and paying at the store, but the least used payment methods for online purchase is cryptocurrency and at the pickup box place. Also, there is no statistical difference between female and male customers on use of credit or debit card usage for online payments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.