Background The outbreak of Covid‐19 is a real threat to public health. It causes cardiovascular complications such as acute myocardial injury and myocarditis. Symptoms of myocarditis vary from chest pain, tachycardia, or chest tightness. Inotropes and/or vasopressors and mechanical ventilation are the protocols for cardiogenic shock in patients with myocarditis. Some previous studies stated that the mechanism of cardiac injury is not well defined but, it can be due to direct myocardial infection, respiratory failure or hypoxemia, and indirect injury from systemic inflammatory response separately or all three factors together. The pathologic processes included direct myocardial injury by virus binding to ACE2, systemic inflammation, altered myocardial demand‐supply ratio, and plaque and coronary thrombosis. There are disagreements on the usage of corticosteroids in active‐infection myocarditis. As everyday new complications of Covid‐19 appear, there is a need for further research to overcome them. Aims This narrative study aimed to assess the effect of Covid‐19 on myocarditis.
Background: Understanding the knowledge and performance status of young girls regarding dysmenorrhea can be an initial step towards the future health planning for this group. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of female students about dysmenorrhea. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 315 female students were randomly selected. Data collection form included two parts. The first part consisted of questions regarding demographic characteristics and field of study, and the second part was knowledge and practice questionnaire. The scores were compared in terms of study variable. Results: Prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea was 75.2% and the most frequent symptoms was aggression and anger (49.3%). Of total, 15.6% had good knowledge. The level of knowledge was significantly associated with field of study and dysmenorrhea. The midwifery students had the highest mean level of knowledge. The mean score of knowledge in students who had experienced dysmenorrhea was higher than girls who had not experienced dysmenorrhea (P-value = 0.031). There were no significant differences of practice scores in terms of study variable. Conclusion:This study revealed a high prevalence of dysmenorrhea during menstrual period among female students. However, the study subjects had insufficient knowledge and moderate practice to reduce menstrual pain. It is recommended that more counseling education to be extended for female students to help them cope with the dysmenorrhea.
Background: Aromatherapy is a noninvasive method used for alleviating anxiety.Lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora Paláu, LV) has been frequently used in traditional medicine as an anxiolytic agent due to its pharmacological ingredients.Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of inhaling essential oil of LV on the level of anxiety and subsequent hemodynamic changes before cesarean section. Methods:The recent study was a randomized single-blind trial. Participants (n = 84) were randomly divided into two groups: LV essential oil (group A) and placebo (group B). The intervention group underwent aromatherapy using three drops of LV essential oil at a distance of 10 cm for 30 min. The placebo group received aromatherapy in a similar fashion. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger questionnaire was administered before and 5 min after aroma inhalation. Vital signs were recorded before and after aromatherapy. Likewise, pain severity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale and vital signs were recorded. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ 2 , and the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test through SPSS21 software.Results: Anxiety level was significantly attenuated in group A after aromatherapy.Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure decreased after inhalation; but no significant variation of pain scores was observed after inhalation in both groups. Conclusion:We concluded that LV decreased preoperative anxiety in this recent study, therefore, aromatherapy with LV essential oil as a preemptive adjuvant to relieve anxiety before cesarean section is recommended by us; although more studies are required to endorse the results.
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