We report for the
first time on in situ transduction of electrochemical
responses of ion-selective electrodes, operating under non-zero-current
conditions, to emission change signals. The proposed novel-type PVC-based
membrane comprises a dispersed redox and emission active ion-to-electron
transducer. The electrochemical trigger applied induces a redox process
of the transducer, inducing ion exchange between the membrane and
the solution, resulting also in change of its emission spectrum. It
is shown that electrochemical signals recorded for ion-selective electrodes
operating under voltammetric/coulometric conditions correlate with
emission intensity changes recorded in the same experiments. Moreover,
the proposed optical readout offers extended linear response range
compared to electrical signals recorded in voltammetric or coulometric
mode.
A new concept of
easy to make, potentially disposable potentiometric
sensors is presented. A thermoprocessable carbon black-loaded, electronically
conducting, polylactide polymer composite was used to prepare substrate
electrodes of user’s defined shape/arrangement applying a 3D
pen in a hot melt process. Covering of the carbon black-loaded polylactide
3D-drawn substrate electrode with a PVC-based ion-selective membrane
cocktail results in spontaneous formation of a zip-lock structure
with a large contact area. Thus, obtained ion-selective electrodes
offer sensors of excellent performance, including potential stability
expressed by SD of the mean value of potential recorded equal to ±1.0
mV (n = 6) within one day and ±1.5 mV (n = 6) between five days. The approach offers also high
device-to-device potential reproducibility: SD of mean value of E
0 equal to ±1.5 mV (n =
5).
A novel approach to electrochemical determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) suspended in a solution is proposed. This approach benefits from properties of capacitors linked in series, where the total capacitance is affected by analyte induced changes. A tailor designed hydrophobic PVDF membrane modified with polyoctylthiophene used in this arrangement played a role of a bipolar electrode. The presence of water immiscible liquid VOCs results in spontaneous formation of a thin film on the surface of the hydrophobic polymer membrane and dissolution of modifying particulates. This effect leads to change of electrical parameters of the system: capacitance and resistance dependent on amount of VOCs present in the aqueous phase.
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