Soil spatial variability mapping allows the delimitation of the number of soil samples investigated to describe agricultural areas; it is crucial in precision agriculture. Electrical soil parameters are promising factors for the delimitation of management zones. One of the soil parameters that affects yield is soil compaction. The objective of this work was to indicate electrical parameters useful for the delimitation of management zones connected with soil compaction. For this purpose, the measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility was conducted at two depths: 0.5 and 1 m. Soil compaction was measured for a soil layer at 0–0.5 m. Relationships between electrical soil parameters and soil compaction were modelled with the use of two types of neural networks—multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Better prediction quality was observed for RBF models. It can be stated that in the mathematical model, the apparent soil electrical conductivity affects soil compaction significantly more than magnetic susceptibility. However, magnetic susceptibility gives additional information about soil properties, and therefore, both electrical parameters should be used simultaneously for the delimitation of management zones.

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The study investigated the selected mechanical properties of fresh and stored large cranberries. The analyses focused on changes in the energy requirement up to the breaking point and aimed to identify the apparent elasticity index of the fruit of the investigated large cranberry fruit varieties relating to harvest time, water content, as well as storage duration and conditions. After 25 days in storage, the fruit of the investigated varieties were found with a decrease in mean acidity, from 1.56 g·100 g−1 to 1.42 g·100 g−1, and mean water content, from 89.71% to 87.95%. The findings showed a decrease in breaking energy; there was also a change in the apparent modulus of elasticity, its mean value in the fresh fruit was 0.431 ± 0.07 MPa, and after 25 days of storage it decreased to 0.271 ± 0.08 MPa. The relationships between the cranberry varieties, storage temperature, duration of storage, x, y, and z dimensions of the fruits, and their selected mechanical parameters were modeled with the use of multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines. Machine learning techniques outperformed multiple linear regression.

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Respiratory tract infections in children are one of the most common causes for medical consultations. When the infections are of recurring nature, they are a major reason for the diagnostics for primary immunodeficiency that is in about 65% of cases underlain by disorders of humoral immunity. This study seeks to retrospectively evaluate the history of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children with humoral disorders and the associations among deficiencies in the immune system components. We evaluated 394 children aged 3 months to 18 years. We found 49.5% (195 cases) of children with IgG deficiencies, all of whom had normal IgE levels. There were 8.4% (33 cases) of IgA deficiency, 7.4% (29 cases) of IgM insufficiency, and 4.1% (16 cases) of CD19+ cells deficiency. The elevated level of CD19+ cells was found in 27.7% (109 out of the 394 children). Immunoglobulin deficiencies often coexisted with a deficiency in another immunoglobulin class above outlined. There was an interdependence between IgA abnormality and IgG, IgG3, and IgG4 abnormalities as well as between IgM abnormality and IgG and IgG1 abnormalities. We conclude that respiratory tract infections in children are often underlain by a convergence of IgG with both IgA and IgM abnormal states. The physiopathological meaning of this convergence for the infection course and resulting functional respiratory changes remains elusive.