Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has, by necessity, contributed to rapid advancements in medicine. Owing to the necessity of following strict anti-epidemic sanitary measures when taking care of infected patients, the accessibility of standard diagnostic methods may be limited. Consequently, the significance and potential of bedside diagnostic modalities increase, including lung ultrasound (LUS). Method: Multicenter registry study involving adult patients with confirmed COVID-19, for whom LUS was performed. Results: A total of 228 patients (61% males) qualified for the study. The average age was 60 years (±14), 40% were older than 65 years of age. In 130 from 173 hospitalized patients, HRCT (high-resolution computed tomography) was performed. In 80% of patients, LUS findings indicated interstitial pneumonia. In hospitalized patients multifocally located single B-lines, symmetrical B-lines, and areas of white lung were significantly more frequent as compared to ambulatory patients. LUS findings, both those indicating interstitial syndrome and consolidations, were positively correlated with HRCT images. As compared to HRCT, the sensitivity and specificity of LUS in detecting interstitial pneumonia were 97% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: As compared to HRCT, LUS is characterized by a very high sensitivity and specificity in detecting interstitial pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. Potentially, LUS can be a particularly useful diagnostic modality for COVID-19 patients pneumonia.
It is believed that a deficiency of androgens, including free testosterone, may promote the development of convulsions. The present study revealed differences in the action of androsterone (AND), a major excreted metabolite of testosterone and a neurosteroid, in three commonly used seizure models in mice. AND administered intraperitoneally exhibited dose-dependent protection against tonic-clonic convulsions caused by maximal electroshock (MES) with ED(50) (effective dose(50)) of 227 mg/kg. The compound also inhibited the convulsive action of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), increasing its CD(50) (convulsive dose(50)) for clonic convulsions from 77.2 (PTZ + saline) to 93.9 (p < 0.05) for PTZ + AND 40 mg/kg and 113.9 mg/kg (p < 0.001) for PTZ + AND 60 mg/kg. In mice pretreated with 60 mg/kg AND, the CD(50) for PTZ-induced tonic convulsions increased from 102 to 127.6 mg/kg (p < 0.01). Surprisingly, doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg AND lowered the CD(50) for kainate (KA)-induced convulsions from 40.8 to 28.7 (p < 0.05) and 25.4 mg/kg (p < 0.001), respectively. In summary, for two of the mouse seizure models, our findings confirmed previous studies that demonstrated protective activity of AND. However, the potentiation of KA-induced convulsions by AND was somewhat unexpected and suggested that AND may also possess proconvulsant activity.
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