Celem artykułu jest prezentacja dynamicznych zmian w polskim i rosyj-skim systemie leksykalnym dokonujących się pod wpływem pandemii koronawirusa na świecie. Materiał badawczy zaczerpnięty został z polskich i rosyjskich czasopism, audycji radiowych i telewizyjnych oraz tekstów internetowych z pierwszej połowy 2020 roku. Jego analiza strukturalno-semantyczna pozwala na przedstawienie wpływu, jaki obecna sytuacja wywiera na polskie i rosyjskie słownictwo. Od momentu pojawie-nia się wiadomości o coraz liczniejszych zachorowaniach na COVID-19 w obu językach uaktywniły się wyrazy kluczowe, stanowiące bazę słowotwórczą dla powstających nie-mal każdego dnia neologizmów w postaci złożeń, kontaminacji i derywatów prostych. Część wyrazów zyskała zupełnie nowe znaczenie lub zgoła odmienne nacechowanie. Do ogólnej odmiany obu badanych systemów językowych przeniknęła duża liczba wyra-zów specjalistycznych, wywodzących się głównie z terminologii medycznej. Szerząca się epidemia nieodwracalnie zmieniła wiele aspektów życia współczesnego człowieka. Mocno odcisnęła swoje piętno także na systemie leksykalnym języka polskiego i rosyjskiego.
The author analyses nouns denoting people in the contemporary Russian language.The ways such nouns appear in the 21st century Russian linguistic system fit wellinto general tendencies of the development of the Russian lexicon, mostly involvinginternalization. Therefore the majority of new names denoting people are either loanwordsor hybrid words, i. e. lexemes derived from foreign stems with the use of Russian affixes.The most numerous thematic groups are constituted by names of professionals andpolitical activists.
The essence of marriage is being widely discussed in the last few decades in many social circles and at many different levels. From the linguistic point of view it is usually characterised on the basis of man’s and woman’s roles in their relationship. The aim of the paper is to present the view of marriage in Polish, Russian and English proverbial phrases. For the purposes of the article about 350 Polish and Russian and about 300 English proverbs have been subjected to cognitive analysis. The research proves that the concept of marriage is roughly universal in all three languages and it presents definitely an androcentric perspective. Wives in proverbs are shown in a very unfavourable light as grouchy, quarrelsome, unfaithful and narrow-minded human beings. Marriage reflected in sayings is usually a burden which diminishes man’s happiness and may even lead to his sickness, fast aging and death. What is more, quite a lot of proverbial phrases in all three languages under study foster violence against women. The concept of marriage presented in proverbs is undoubtedly a reflection of the old way of thinking and the old system of values, but the preliminary research of anti-proverbs, i.e. more modern expressions, proves that it has not undergone any fundamental changes in the language awareness of the Polish, Russian and English native speakers.
The author analyzes the different shades of meaning and the semantic valency of Polish and Russian adjectival derivatives with the suffix -liw-/-лив-. The words that are studied here exhibit an anthropocentric orientation as they principally describe natural human inclinations and collocate with personal nouns. Semantically impersonal adjectives are sparse among the analyzed lexemes in both languages.
The author presents the response of Internet users to the incidents thatoccurred during Euro 2012. A sociolinguistic analysis of comments on the fights between Polish and Russian fans was carried out. Several aspects of the national stereotypes included in the analyzed internet opinions that had been published on the Internet were presented.
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