Introduction: Most countries have witnessed an increasingly sedentary lifestyle in recent decades. Experts estimate that only one third of adolescents undertake sufficient physical activity to guarantee normal physical, mental and emotional development. Study aims: To determine the frequency of PE (Physical Education) lessons as well as after-school movement activities and sedentary behaviour. To establish the association between physical activity, TV watching and computer use (screen time) with the risks of overweight and obesity in students. Material and methods: A survey of 3,548 middle school students, 4,423 from high school and 5,595 university students was performed in 2011. In the former two groupings, the questionnaire had been devised by Poland's GIS (Chief Sanitary Inspectorate), based on one previously employed for WHO global school-based student health survey (GSHS) studies. The university students used an electronic questionnaire made available on an internet site from Lublin, Poland. Results: Half the middle and high school students undertook 2 to 5 hours of physical activity per week, while only 16% of university students did so. In their free time after school, one quarter of middle and high school students engaged in selected sporting activities, usually for one hour each week. Of the university students, 84% did not undertake any movement activities at all. Excessive body mass was most frequently found in students spending 3 to 4 hours per day watching TV or using computers. Conclusions: Students, in particular at the university level, demonstrated a somewhat poor commitment to undertaking PE lessons or other movement activities, whilst focusing mainly on sedentary activities.
Introduction: According to a report from the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), there are 200 million overweight and obese school children in the world today. To assess body mass for students in Poland, in middle schools, high schools and universities, according to growth charts and BMI. Also, to investigate the link between chosen dietary habits and the risks to these subjects of being overweight and obese. Material and methods: The 13,566 subjects surveyed in 2011 consisted of middle school (3,548), high school (4,423) and university (5,595) students. The two younger groups received a questionnaire that had been devised by GIS (Poland's Chief Sanitary Inspectorate) based on one previously used for the WHO's global school-based student health survey (GSHS). An electronic questionnaire was used for the university students, made available at a designated internet site. Results: Overweight rates of 13%, 11% and 14% were found in students from middle-school, high-school and university. Overall obesity rates were 3%. Most subject ate three meals daily, although almost 1 in 5 said they ate only 1 to 2 meals daily. Snacking between meals was admitted by 84%, 89% and 89% of students, respectively, whereas corresponding rates for nighttime eating were 24%, 37% and 36%. Conclusions: The survey demonstrated that overweight status, according to growth charts and BMI, occurs in 13%, 11% and 14% of subjects in each student group, respectively. Overall, obesity accounts for 3% of respondents. Numerous instances of abnormal dietary habits were found, highlighted by irregular mealtimes, between-meal snacking and nighttime eating.
Introduction. Urinary incontinence consists in an involuntary leakage of urine from the urethra. It affects both women and men, but women get ill more often. Although the morbidity peak falls on perimenopausal age, urinary incontinence can occur at any age. The highest percentage of patients is the elderly population. Aim. Assessment of women’s awareness of urinary incontinence. Materiala and methods. The group of study participants comprised 130 women aged between 18 and 89. The tool used in the study was the authors’ own questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 31 questions, including, among others, demographic questions about age, marital status, education, occupational situation, number of births, number of children as well as definitions, risk factors, prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence. Results. The women subjected to the study self-assessed their state of knowledge on urinary incontinence. The study showed that 37 people (28.5%) assessed their state of knowledge as good, 42 people (32.3%) as sufficient and 51 (39.2%) as insufficient. For 56.15% (n=73) of the surveyed women, the most common source of knowledge about urinary incontinence was non-professional literature (magazines and newspapers). The study showed a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of urinary incontinence and education (Chi square X2=24.472; p≤0.0004). People with higher education had a better knowledge about urinary incontinence. Conclusions. The level of knowledge of the research participants about urinary incontinence is insufficient. A sense of shame and lack of time are the main reasons for low reporting of the UI problem to the doctor or nurse. There is a need to run an educational campaign to make the public aware of treatment options and IU prevention.
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