Main aim of the work assumed recognition of physicochemical changes in snowpack occurring during the melting period. Properties of snow cover had been identified at two sites in Western Sudetes mountains (860 and 1228 m asl) in SW Poland since the end of January, and monitored until the disappearance of snow in late Spring. Snow pit measurements and sample collection at both sites were made followed by chemical analyses with the use of ionic chromatography. The results were compared for subsequent stages of snowpack evolution. Thermometers installed above the ground during summer in one site (860 m asl) helped to identify the thermal gradient existing inside snow during winter. During studies, special attention was paid to the pollutant elution with determination the different release rates of individual ions from the snow cover. Results of chemical analysis showed that during the thaw, the first portions of meltwater were responsible for drainage into the ground a substantial part of the impurities. During the first two weeks of thaw at higher elevated site, pollutants released from the snow cover load amounted to 123.5 mMol·m−2. In those days, there was a release to the ground of approximately 74, 74, and 57 %, respectively of H+, NO3−, and SO42− ions contained in the snow cover, while only 14 % of snow mass in the form of meltwater was released.
Abstract. Werenskiold Glacier in the Isle of Spitsbergen is one of the polygons on which evaluation of the rate of glacier recession is performed. Location of the glacier front is precisely presented in the specialist literature since the mid. 30. of 20th century. Article presents results of studies about changes in the position of Werenskiold Glacier based on selected archival data and own research conducted in 2012-2013. The initial location of the glacier front was described by the topographical map in the scale 1:5000 elaborated in the year 1961 on the basis of data from the years 1957-1959 by the Polish Army Topographic Service. Moreover, as comparative data on location of glacier front in the later years there were applied results of photogrammetrical images from the year 1973 and a orthophotomap from 1990. These data together with the author's GPS measurements were transformed into the uniform coordinate system. Thus, prepared data made it possible to evaluate the rate of recession of Werenskiold Glacier front in the three epochs from the years 1957-2013. It was found that during the 56 years the glacier front was moved by ca. 1200 m, which gives the mean recession value of 25 m/year as well as the mean yearly loss of the glacier surface of the order of 5 ha.
Integracja językowo-kulturowa ucznia z doświadczeniem migracji w szkole podstawowejMigracje i ruchliwość społeczna ludności ujawniły wielokulturowość świata, jednocześnie otwierając nas na problematykę różnic, inności, odrębności, odrzucenia, marginalizacji czy uprzedzeń. Inność i odmienność stała się nie tylko faktem, codziennością, ale przede wszystkim wyzwaniem edukacyjnym, źródłem ustawicznego wzajemnego wzbogacania się, źródłem nowej wiedzy, kształtując i modyfikując potrzeby ludzkie w różnych sferach życia 1 .
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