(1) Introduction: In response to patient concerns about breast cancer recurrence, increased use of breast magnetic resonance imaging and genetic testing, and advancements in breast reconstruction techniques, mastectomy rates have been observed to rise over the last decade. The aim of the study is to compare the outcomes of prepectoral and subpectoral implants and long-term, dual-stage resorbable mesh-based breast reconstructions in mutation carriers (prophylactic surgery) and breast cancer patients. (2) Patients and methods: This retrospective, two-center study included 170 consecutive patients after 232 procedures: Prepectoral surgery was performed in 156 cases and subpectoral was performed in 76. (3) Results: Preoperative chemotherapy was associated with more frequent minor late complications (p < 0.001), but not major ones (p = 0.101), while postoperative chemotherapy was related to more frequent serious (p = 0.005) postoperative complications. Postoperative radiotherapy was associated with a higher rate of minor complications (31.03%) than no-radiotherapy (12.21%; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression found complications to be significantly associated with an expander (OR = 4.43), skin-reducing mastectomy (OR = 9.97), therapeutic mastectomy vs. risk-reducing mastectomy (OR = 4.08), and postoperative chemotherapy (OR = 12.89). Patients in whom prepectoral surgeries were performed demonstrated significantly shorter median hospitalization time (p < 0.001) and lower minor complication rates (5.77% vs. 26.32% p < 0.001), but similar major late complication rates (p = 0.915). (4) Conclusions: Implant-based breast reconstruction with the use of long-term, dual-stage resorbable, synthetic mesh is a safe and effective method of breast restoration, associated with low morbidity and good cosmesis. Nevertheless, prospective, multicenter, and long-term outcome data studies are needed to further evaluate the benefits of such treatments.

Immunotherapy belongs to the group of targeted therapies; it is based on natural immune mechanisms which axis can be promoted or blocked at appropriate points. Breast cancer is the world's most common cancer among women and in March 2019 the FDA approved the first immunopharmaceutical Atezolizumab, for the treatment of breast cancer. So far, the only registered marker for classification for checkpoint inhibitor therapy has been the presence of PD-L1 receptor expression in tumour cells.A comprehensive search of the literature to elucidate the correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and cancer, especially breast cancer or other diseases susceptibility and PD-1/ PD-L1 expression.Seven susceptibility loci was considered: rs41386349, rs7421861, rs36084323, rs11568821, rs2227981, rs10204525, rs2227982. Three of them may be taken into account as potentially helpful in breast cancer patient treatment tailoring: rs36084323, rs2227981, rs2227982.

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Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors. It is the one of most heterogeneous and highly-aggressive breast cancers, resulting in fast progression. In humans, the LAG3 gene is located on chromosome 12p13 and encodes an immune-regulatory molecule. LAG3 gene polymorphisms may influence the clinicopathological picture. Aim: The aim of the study was to perform a molecular analysis of LAG3 gene polymorphisms Method: The presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs2365094 was determined in 30 TNBC patients and 30 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercially-available TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. SNP status was the compared with clinical outcome. Result: The allelic alterations in LAG3 gene SNP in rs2365094 appear to have no influence on the clinicopathological picture among TNBC patients. The carriage rate for a single allele did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Conclusion: No significant relationship was observed between rs2365094 SNP status and clinicopathological determinants. However, one aim of this work was to identify biomarkers that may serve as criteria for drug combination regimens. When used in combination with other genetic biomarkers, LAG3 gene SNP may be used for risk stratification of patients with TNBC.

Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between polymorphisms rs11568821 C/T and at rs2227981 G/A in the programmed cell death 1 gene (PDCD1) and the clinicopathologic characteristics of triple negative breast cancer patient (TNBC). Material and Methods: The study included 30 TNBC patients and 30 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed with allelic discrimination using PCR with TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Results: The presence of CC/CT in rs11568821and GG/AG in rs2227981 were not associated with the risk of progression of TNBC. The correlation between rs11568821 minor allele distribution and risk of TNBC has borderline significance (p=0.0619). The rs2227981 polymorphism has a significant association with grade G (G3, p=0.0229). There was a trend toward significance (p=0.063448) in the minor allele presentation and Ki67>20% for rs2227981. Other clinical features (e.g. age, TNM stage) did not significantly correlate with the rs11568821 or the rs2227981 polymorphism. Conclusion: rs2227981 is associated with grading; hence PDCD1 can be used as a prognostic marker in TNBC.

A minimally-invasive alternative to surgical biopsies is a liquid biopsy (LB), a technique that has recently revolutionized the management of a number of tumors. One potential target biomarker of LB is cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which can act as a very sensitive indicator for certain tumors. Currently, clinical efforts are focused on increasing the quality of the cfDNA isolated for analysis. The present study compares the efficiency of isolation by four commercial kits: QuickGeneMINI8L (Kurabo), Maxwell RSC cfDNA Plasma Kit (Promega), cfKapture 21 Kit (MagBio), and QIAamp MinElute ccfDNA Kit (Qiagen). In each case, cfDNA was isolated from three plasma samples and one serum sample. Available method for the isolation give the ability to enrich optimal diagnostic quantity of cfDNA. cfDNA can be successfully separated using all investigated kits. The greatest efficiency was demonstrated by the QIAamp MinElute ccfDNA Kit (Qiagen) and cfKapture 21 (MagBio). Large amounts of cell-free DNA can be successfully isolated from small volumes of plasma.