PAD is common in Sweden, and almost a fifth of all elderly individuals have some stage of this disease. Women are more often afflicted than men. The prevalence of severe ischemia, as a measure of critical limb ischemia, is about 1% the population.
The patients' risk factor profiles differed among the PAD stages. Smoking duration already seemed to be a risk factor for women with PAD after 10 years of smoking, as compared with 30 years for men, and fewer women reported use of preventive medication. These observations may partly explain the sex differences in prevalence that were observed.
The utilize of reliable and valid assessment tools is important in clinical practice. The tools could be used as an aid to the clinical judgement and therefore identify patients at risk for pressure ulcers and malnutrition. Pressure ulcer grading is a difficult skill that requires training and time to develop.
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