Over the last few years, there has been an increase in discussions advocating in-cash programmes as a way to alleviate poverty. Indeed, this represents a leap forward in comparison to in-kind programmes. However, little progress, at least in developing countries, has been achieved in answering the question of how the state should transfer the means of redressing deprivation to those who are living in poverty. This article addresses this issue by challenging anti-poverty programmes through a social-egalitarian framework. My main argument starts from the perspective that in-cash transfers are a necessary but not sufficient mechanism for poverty alleviation. I acknowledge that cash alone does not guarantee the poor an equally active role in influencing the public-policy decisions that affect their lives. I then suggest a participatory device to complement the cash-transfer proposal in order to give institutional opportunities to the poor to decide, together with practitioners, what should be done at the level of local public services.
O texto apresenta um estudo crítico sobre duas teorias da justiça: a cosmopolita, desenvolvida por Thomas Pogge, e a multicultural, por Will Kymlicka. Do primeiro, investigam-se as vantagens de se ter uma preocupação moral com os habitantes do mundo, destacando as desvantagens de se ignorar as singularidades culturais. Do segundo, ressalta-se a prioritária legitimidade das demandas culturais. Apresenta-se, assim, a importância dos direitos diferenciados em prol das minorias nacionais e dos grupos étnicoculturais e, ao mesmo tempo, evidencia-se o limite dessas categorias culturais que não costumam dar conta, por exemplo, do grupo negro que reivindica reconhecimento cultural. Por fim, será desenvolvido um exercício prático com as referidas teorias, propondo a aplicação dos conceitos apresentados diante do caso concreto de uma comunidade de quilombolas de Linharinho, localizada na parte rural e pobre do município de Conceição da Barra, no Espírito Santo, que possui demandas relacionadas a direitos políticos, sociais e culturais.
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