The political debate that has developed around the doctrine of national security in Latin America has been extensive. Nevertheless, we note with curiosity that there are few academic studies that analyze the existing linkage between institutional logic power frameworks and the strategies for the application of political intelligence that prioritized this military doctrine over civil intelligence. This article focuses on the figure of the "Pesquisa" in Ecuador during the Cold War. This term refers to that civil agent or police officer linked to the National Public Security Office whose mission was to infiltrate social movements, opposition political parties, labor unions, trade unions, universities, etc. His intelligence objectives or targets included people or individuals who were assumed to represent a threat to the internal security of the State, but also those government officials that often mixed their private life with the public sphere or maintained links with foreigners within a context of limited internationalization, in a country with parochial characteristics. With little instrumental and professional analysis capacity, the "pesquisas" and their networks built personal relationships with the authorities of the Presidency of the Republic or functionaries of the ex-Government Ministry -now the Interior Ministryreproducing the political patterns of patronage, personal favors and clientelism.
Este artículo analiza el reposicionamiento de Ecuador entre 2017 y 2020. Se toma en cuenta la existencia de una estructura histórica competitiva previa que permite comprender dicha reorientación. Como introducción se revisarán las matrices de los proyectos nacionales en competencia desde perspectiva de larga duración (longue dureé), con énfasis en las dos últimas administraciones gubernamentales, sin dejar de lado el precedente histórico. El posicionamiento del presidente Moreno se analizará específicamente en su relación dinámica con lo político y económico; además de la competencia en el ámbito de las ideas. Asimismo se analizará la continuidad a nivel de dimensión interna y el reposicionamiento ecuatoriano frente al orden mundial, el cual puede ser observado a través de su diplomacia, tipo de integración, seguridad y defensa, y articulación con los grandes jugadores globales. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se presentará una caracterización del reposicionamiento de Ecuador en el periodo propuesto y se presentarán algunos de los elementos presentes a nivel estructural.
This work addresses the central points of the construction process of the Ecuadorian Armed Forces to the new challenges, perceptions and responses related to the present environment of security and defense, from a structural and long-term historical perspective, which allows the understanding of this institution as key component of the complex Ecuadorian State-society, and its relations with different moments in the world and regional order. As an introductory point, a historical reading is presented, addressing the period between the conformation of the Republic to the culmination of the delimitation of its land border; in a second moment, the Pre and Pos scenario of the Peace Treaty with Peru from 1998 to 2007 will be analyzed; later it reviews the scenarios, perceptions and responses of Ecuador in the face of changes in the security environment in the decade 2008-2019.
poseen otras que son diferentes y por lo tanto pueden ser englobadas en otras categorías como subtipos (lo radial). Al parecer, uno de los límites de esta propuesta es que sus atributos (liderazgo personalista y paternalista, coalición política heterogénea y de varias clases, proceso de movilización política más allá de las formas institucionales, ideología amorfa o ecléctica y proyecto económico de tipo clientelar) son tan generales, que cualquier régi-men puede tener rasgos populistas. La pregunta que surge aquí es si estos son los atributos del populismo como concepto radial, ¿qué lo diferencia de otros regímenes (por ejemplo, de las democracias delegativas)?
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