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Incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk varies by age and sex. Some studies have reported overall higher risk in men, especially when VTEs triggered by female reproductive factors are excluded. However, higher mortality rates in men may have led to overestimation of lifetime VTE risk in men compared with women. Therefore, we estimated the lifetime risk of VTE in men and women in a Danish, nationwide cohort, taking into account the competing risk of death. Within the population of Denmark (> 5 million persons), all first-time VTEs occurring in 1995–2016 were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry covering all Danish hospitals. The cumulative incidences of VTE were estimated in men and women with age as timescale, taking into account the competing risk of death. Estimated lifetime risk was defined as cumulative incidence at age 100. In a simulation study, we excluded the proportion of female cases that could be attributed to reproductive risk factors and re-estimated the cumulative incidence. We identified 123,543 incident VTEs. The cumulative incidence of VTE was 1.9% in women and 1.3% in men at age 50, 4.3% in women and 4.4% in men at age 70, and 9.3% in women and 8.1% in men at age 100. After accounting for VTEs attributed to reproductive factors, the corresponding incidences in women were 1.2% at age 50, 3.2% at age 70, and 8.2% at age 100. In conclusion, the estimated lifetime risk of VTE was slightly higher in women than in men when accounting for competing risk of death. Our simulation study suggested that reproductive risk factors contribute modestly to the estimated lifetime VTE risk in women.

INTRODUCTION:Small observational studies with short-term follow-up suggest cancer patients are at reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to the general population.METHODS: Nationwide cohort study using Danish population-based health registries with cancer patients (n=949,309) to identify incident diagnoses of AD. We computed absolute reductions in risk attributed to cancer and standardized incidence rate ratios (SIRs) accounting for survival time, comparing observed to expected number of AD cases. RESULTS:During up to 34 years of follow-up of cancer survivors, the attributable risk reduction was 1.3 per 10,000 person-years, SIR=0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.92, 0.96). SIRs were similar after stratification by sex, age and cancer stage, and approached the general population for those surviving >10 years.DISCUSSION: Inverse associations between cancer and AD were small and diminished over time. Incidence rates in cancer survivors approached those of the general population, suggesting limited association between cancer and AD risk.

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Lower limb arterial thrombosis was a marker of occult cancer, especially lung cancer, and was an adverse prognostic factor for mortality in common cancers.