We demonstrate fabrication of photodetectors in the UVC and UVA regions, based on surface engineering of Mn2+-doped ZnS Qdot. Mn2+-doped ZnS Qdot exhibited UVC detection with a responsivity of 0.3 ± 0.02 A·W–1 and detectivity of 1.7 ± 0.2 1011 Jones. Following this, the Qdot was surface modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline 5-sulfonic acid ligand, which resulted in the formation of a bluish green zinc quinolate complex (Zn(QS)2) at the Qdot surface (defined as the quantum dot complex, QDC) exhibiting overall white photoluminescence. The detector developed with QDC as the photoactive material exhibited a responsivity of 0.2 ± 0.02 A·W–1 and detectivity of 1.2 ± 0.2 1011 Jones in the UVA band. This shift in the detection band from UVC in Qdot to UVA in QDC, through the surface complexation mechanism, is a new approach for tuning spectral detection featured in this work. Besides, the self-powered response of both the detectors exhibited attractive photoelectric characteristics. The detectors were incorporated in a portable prototype to show their potential application toward selective UVC and UVA spectral detection. Additionally, the dual-mode emission of the QDC was used for data encryption and decryption.
Ambipolar transport characteristics of thin film transistors fabricated from nontoxic white light emitting quantum dot complexes (QDCs) are herein reported to exhibit efficient carrier mobilities. The QDCs are synthesized by forming bluish green emitting zinc quinolate complex on the surface of orange emitting Mn2+‐doped ZnS quantum dots (Qdots) using 8‐hydroxyquinoline 5‐sulfonic acid as the chelating ligand. The device exhibits efficient ambipolar transport characteristics with high ION/IOFF ratio of 104 and electron mobility and hole mobility of 2.95 × 10−02 and 1.06 × 10−02 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The subthreshold slope of Qdot complex–integrated thin film transistor increases from that of Mn2+‐doped ZnS Qdot–integrated thin film transistor from 0.35 to 0.79 V dec−1 in p‐field effect transistor (FET) and from 0.59 to 0.97 V dec−1 in n‐FET operations, which annotates an increase in trap state density due to surface complexation of the Qdot. These results suggest that white light emitting QDC can be used as an efficient transport as well as an emissive material, which open up new paradigm for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Strain-based complex functionalities in response to external physical stimuli are significant for the development of intelligent robotic systems. Herein, an assembly of gold nanoparticles through ligand interaction with short linker molecule 2-picolylamine (PA) is developed. With subnanometer spacing between the nanoparticles (NPs), the network exhibits strain sensitive carrier tunneling between them. Based on these NP networks and a lithographically patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructure, a multistimuli-responsive tactile sensor is developed that effectively transduces mechanical strain to electrical responses, and can identify variable weights, detect finger touch patterns, and is ultrasensitive to vibrational movements. Physical activities such as jogging, leg movements, and sit-to-stand postures are identified using the system. A significantly high gauge factor of 243 AE 10 associated with the Au NP-PA network is recorded. In addition, the sensor exhibits strain-dependent plasmonic photodetection with a responsivity of 309 mA W À1 at a tensile strain of 3.7%. The multistimuli-responsive Au NP-PA network demonstrated here opens up new perspectives on the development of intelligent multifunctional systems.
Herein, we report the construction of intracellular logic operations using luminescent histidine stabilized gold nanoclusters (His Au NCs). The luminescence intensity of His Au NCs was found to be significantly enhanced following interaction with zinc ions, owing to "Crystallization induced emission enhancement". Further, the luminescence intensity of His Au NCs was found to be effectively quenched in presence of sulphide ions, owing to transformation of emissive His Au NCs to non-emissive gold nanoparticles. Thus, the collective and individual effects of zinc ions and sulphide ions causing significant variation in the luminescence intensity of His Au NCs, were used as input parameters for construction of intracellular logic operations such as Tri state buffer, "on-off" switch and INHIBIT gate within mammalian cells.
Livelihood constitutes a major area of concern in social sciences. It refers to the set of activities pursued by an individual in order to generate resources to sustain the requirements of the self and the household. Livelihood strategy has now been a vital aspect of the development process. Government of India has adopted various policies to meet the livelihood needs of the citizen, especially in rural areas. The goal is to promote sustainable livelihood opportunities to people in rural areas in order to provide them a better standard of living. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the awareness of people in rural areas about the policies of livelihood generation and to identify what kinds of policies are operational in those areas. Moreover, the study also tries to understand the issue of accessibility by finding out the problems of getting access to availing these policies. The study reveals that people now days are quite aware of such policies and they try to get the benefits of such policies. Even though there are certain loopholes still present in the implementation of livelihood generation policies, they are helpful in rural development.
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