Natural growth-promoting nutrients extracted from aquaculture sludge waste can be used to maximise microalgal growth. This study identified the influence of aquaculture sludge extract (SE) on four microalgae species. Conway or Bold's Basal Media (BBM) was supplemented with SE collected from a Sabak Bernam shrimp pond (SB) and Kota Puteri fish pond (KP), and tested using a novel microplate-incubation technique. Five different autoclave extraction treatment parameters were assessed for both collected SE, i.e., 1-h at 105 °C, 2-h at 105 °C, 1-h at 121 °C, 2-h at 121 °C, and 24-h at room temperature (natural extraction). Microalgae culture in the microplates containing control (media) and enriched (media + SE) samples were incubated for nine days, at 25 °C with the light intensity of 33.75 μmol photons m −2 s −1 at 12-h light/dark cycle. The total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in KP SE were 44.0–82.0 mg L −1 and 0.96–8.60 mg L −1 . TDN (8.0%–515.0%) and TDP (105%–186 %) were relatively higher in KP SE compared to SB SE. The growth of microalgae species Nannochloropsis ocenica showed significant differences ( p < 0.05) between the five extraction treatments from SB and the control. However, Chlorella vulgaris , Neochloris conjuncta , and Nephroclamys subsolitaria showed no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in SB SE. N. ocenica , C. vulgaris , and N. conjuncta showed significant differences ( p < 0.05) between five extraction treatments from KP and the control while N. subsolitaria showed no significant difference ( p > 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) in the exponential phase of all microalgae species were relatively higher in SB SE compared to KP SE. While the organic matter content of KP SE was relatively higher, there were no significant differences in microalgae growth compared to SB SE. Nonetheless, modified SE did influence microalgae growth compared to the control. This study shows that modified SE could be used as enrichment media for microalgae cultivation.
The pattern growth of the three algae species -PRK1-E01, C. Vulgaris and Nephrochlamys Subsolitaria which are found in the sludge within the Sabak Bernam region is not stable. The unstable distribution matrix of the algae growth is derived to determine a stable growth by modeling a transition matrix and stable distribution probability using Marcov Chain methodology. Thus, a stable algae growth can be predicted.
Microalgae are a source of high-value substances beneficial for industrial applications. To augment the mass production of microalgae in an artificial culture medium, growth-promoting nutrients are essential. The effect of soil extracts (SEs) on four microalgae species was investigated in this study. Artificial Conway media were supplemented with SE collected from the Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve and Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RM), tested using a microplate-incubation technique. The samples were cultured for nine days at 25°C and 30°C, with a light intensity of 33.75 mol photons m −2 seconds −1 and a 12-hour light/dark cycle. Incubation at 25°C showed a higher specific growth rate (SGR) for Nannochloropsis oculata (0.32-0.39 d −1 ), while, at 30°C, a higher SGR was observed for Dunaliella tertiolecta in all soil treatments (0.31-0.34 d −1 ). In terms of SEs, media + RM SE showed a higher SGR from 0.25 to 0.39 d −1 for four microalgae. Chlorella sorokiniana and N. oculata grew well at 25°C in all soil treatments, while D. tertiolecta and Dunaliella primolecta grew well at 30°C. This study shows that the RM medium was the optimum soil treatment for all microalgae tested due to the higher concentration of organic matter.
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