Background: The third United Nations Sustainable Development Goal includes a commitment to end HIV. In lined with the Sustainable Development Goal, Option B+ programs hold great promise for preventing transmission of HIV and moving towards an “AIDS-free generation. However, an estimated 110,000 AIDS-related deaths occurred among children in 2015. The Global Plan also identified Ethiopia as one of 22 high priority countries for improved prevention of mother to child HIV transmission services. But, there is a scarcity of data on the contributors of loss to follow up and mortality after option B+ guideline implementation in the Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: This study conducted in five zones of the Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. The study considers mothers that admitted to the 5-referral hospitals’ PMTCT departments, midwifery professionals who work in the respective hospital’s PMTCT departments, and HIV officers. The period for data collection was from March 21 to May 18/2019. An in-depth qualitative interview employed to gain access to the participants’ experiences and conducted an inductive qualitative content analysis.Results: Mothers, health professionals, and HIV officers were asked about the contributors of lost to follow up in the Amhara region. The participants’ suggestions on the causes categorized into a health facility, stigma and discrimination, and socioeconomic status themes. On the prevention of loss to follow up, the views of study participants were categorized into health facility improvement, psychosocial support, and loss to follow up retention mechanisms. On the causes of HIV related mortality, participants’ views categorized into vertical HIV transmission, carelessness of parents, and poor socioeconomic status themes. In the recommendations to prevent loss to follow up and mortality, participants forwarded their suggestions for health facilities and professionals and civic societies. On the prevention of mortality, participants’ views categorized into health care and mothers’ awareness.Conclusions: The participants were emphasizing the health facilities, health care professionals, and awareness of families to prevent loss to follow up and mortality among exposed infants after admission to the PMTCT program. Hence, concerned bodies mainly minister of health should outline on improving the service provided in the PMTCT department.
Background Worldwide, 15 million babies born prematurely every year and over one million babies died because of premature birth complications. However, three-fourths of deaths from preterm birth complications are preventable without intensive care units. One of the prevention methods is Kangaroo Mother Care, which is a method of holding a small neonate in skin-to skin contact, upright prone position on the maternal chest. An evidence stated that KMC can prevent up to half of all deaths in babies weighing <2000 gm at birth. Ethiopian guidelines also mentioned that all LBW babies need to receive KMC. The aim of this study was to assess health professional assisted Kangaroo mother care practice and association among mothers who gave birth in a health facility in Ethiopia.Methods This study produced from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS). The 2016 EDHS used a stratified two stage sampling method to select a representative sample for the country, Ethiopia. According to the 2016 EDHS data, all the regions were stratified into urban and rural areas. The study sample refined from EDHS and used in this secondary analysis is 2,760 mother-child pairs. A logistic regression model was used to assess the associations with the size of a child at birth. Results mothers who gave birth in a health facility and practiced kangaroo mother care were 1808 (62.1%), 95% CI (60,3, 63.9).The others 1102(37.9%), 95%CI(36.1, 39.7) of mothers did not practiced KMC, although they were gave birth in health facilities under the support of trained health professionals. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, only wealth index, poorest ((AOR), (95%CI)), ((0.60), (0.43, 0.81)), and poorer ((0.62), (0.46, 0.86)) were associated with health professionals assisted KMC practice.Conclusions The prevalence of health professional assisted KMC practice was low, which was far lower than the expectation for mothers who gave birth in health facilities. Low socio-economic status was protective for not practicing KMC. The reason might be that mothers from higher income households might not initiate breast feeding, which might contribute for not practicing KMC. Thus, the minister of health or other researchers should study further why mothers from high income did not practicing KMC in considering the assumption of this author.
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