Melanoma mortality rates are the highest amongst skin cancer patients. Melanoma is life threating when it grows beyond the dermis of the skin. Hence, depth is an important factor to diagnose melanoma. This paper introduces a non-invasive computerized dermoscopy system that considers the estimated depth of skin lesions for diagnosis. A 3-D skin lesion reconstruction technique using the estimated depth obtained from regular dermoscopic images is presented. On basis of the 3-D reconstruction, depth and 3-D shape features are extracted. In addition to 3-D features, regular color, texture, and 2-D shape features are also extracted. Feature extraction is critical to achieve accurate results. Apart from melanoma, in-situ melanoma the proposed system is designed to diagnose basal cell carcinoma, blue nevus, dermatofibroma, haemangioma, seborrhoeic keratosis, and normal mole lesions. For experimental evaluations, the PH2, ISIC: Melanoma Project, and ATLAS dermoscopy data sets is considered. Different feature set combinations is considered and performance is evaluated. Significant performance improvement is reported the post inclusion of estimated depth and 3-D features. The good classification scores of sensitivity = 96%, specificity = 97% on PH2 data set and sensitivity = 98%, specificity = 99% on the ATLAS data set is achieved. Experiments conducted to estimate tumor depth from 3-D lesion reconstruction is presented. Experimental results achieved prove that the proposed computerized dermoscopy system is efficient and can be used to diagnose varied skin lesion dermoscopy images.
This article describes how robust image processing application rely heavily on image descriptors extracted. Limited work is carried out in adopting probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA) models for image processing. A finite state automata for image processing (FSAFIP) method is presented here. Texture classification and content based image retrieval (CBIR) is considered. In FSAFIP, foreground and background regions of an image are identified and later split into patches. Using a tristate PFSA model, feature descriptors corresponding to background/foreground regions are constructed. A distance based large margin nearest neighbor (LMNN) classifier is considered in FSAFIP to impart intelligence. A performance and experimental study to evaluate performance of FSAFIP for CBIR and texture classification is presented. Comparison results in CBIR obtained prove superior performance of FSAFIP over existing methods on Corel-1K dataset. High texture classification accuracy of 99.2% is reported using FSAFIP on KHT-TIPS dataset. An improved texture classification accuracy is achieved using FSAFIP in comparison to former methods.
AC servo systems are extensively used in robotic actuators and are competing with DC servo motors for motion control because of their favorable electrical and mechanical properties. Efficient control schemes for servo motors are required to ensure performance in presence of system parameter variations. Neural networks have emerged as a suitable tool for control applications especially under situations where the plant parameters are varying and a robust control is required. This paper presents a servo control approach based on direct torque control using the neural networks. The main emphasis is on studying the different neural network algorithms and there suitability for servo controls applications.
AC servo systems are extensively used in robotic actuators and are competing with DC servo motors for motion control because of their favorable electrical and mechanical properties. This paper presents an approach towards the control system tuning for the speed control of an AC servo motor. An approach towards speed control of servo motor in presence of system parameter variations is presented. Multi-layer Artificial Neural Networks are designed and trained to model the plant parameter variations. Improvements in the speed control performance are presented for smaller variations and larger variations in the motor parameters and the load conditions.
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