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Mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) were processed for hot water (HWE), methanolic (ME), and polysaccharide (PSE) extracts. Polysaccharides were isolated through ion exchange (DEAE cellulose) and size exclusion (Sephadex G-100) chromatography. Monosaccharides including maltose (0.282%), glucose (0.113%), and mannose (0.451%) were identified, qualitatively and quantitatively, from the isolated polysaccharides through high-performance liquid chromatography. The whole study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1 was meant for the evaluation of HWE and ME; whereas, experiment 2 was meant for the evaluation of PSE for immunostimulatory and immunotherapeutic activities. The cellular and humoral immune responses were demonstrated through lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and anti-body response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), respectively. The immunotherapeutic effects of these extracts were demonstrated against eimeriasis in terms of lesion scoring, oocysts per gram of droppings, and percent protection. Cell-mediated immune responses observed at 24, 48, and 72 h post-PHA-P injection were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in chickens administered with any of the three extracts (PSE, ME, and HWE), when compared with the controls. Humoral immune response in terms of anti-SRBCs anti-body titers was also observed higher in chickens administered with mushroom extracts. In the challenge experiment, significantly higher (P < 0.05) OPG and lesion scores were observed in controls as compared to the groups administered with mushroom extracts (HWE, ME, and PSE). Significantly higher (P < 0.05) percent protection against eimeriasis was observed in all groups administered with different extracts of L. edodes as compared to controls. In conclusion, L. edodes extracts showed immunostimulatory potential which persisted against eimeriasis in chicken.

This study reports the immunotherapeutic effects of Aloe (A.) vera polysaccharides against coccidiosis in broiler chicken. For the purpose, polysaccharides were recovered from A. vera and analyzed by using HPLC. Three different hexose sugars including maltose, glucose and mannose were detected in hydrolyzed solution of A. vera. The extracted polysaccharides (graded doses) were evaluated for immunotherapeutic activities against coccidiosis in chicken. Results revealed that percent protection and daily weight gains were significantly higher (P<0.05) in chicken administered with A. vera polysaccharides as compared to control group. On the other hand, oocyst counts and lesion scores were lower (P<0.05) in polysaccharides administered chickens as compared to control. Moreover, anti-coccidial indices were also higher in chickens administered with polysaccharides (159.75-239.63) as compared to control (36.57). Except spleen, the organ-body weight ratios of all lymphoid organs of experimental and control groups were statistically similar (P>0.05). Based upon findings of this study, it was concluded that A. vera derived polysaccharides had immunotherapeutic activity against coccidiosis in chickens and might be further explored for its commercial feasibility for effective use in poultry industry to control avian coccidiosis.

In the present study, polysaccharides have been isolated and evaluated as biological response modifiers in chickens. Aloe (A.) vera polysaccharides were administered in chickens for three consecutive days and used for immunological evaluation. Results showed significantly higher (p<0.05) lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P and Con-A in chickens of polysaccharides administered groups as compared to control. Carbon particle clearance assay showed significantly higher clearance index (K) in control group, indicating presence of more carbon particles in blood. Phagocytic index (α) showed significantly higher response in all three polysaccharides administered groups. Significantly higher humoral immune responses [total immunoglobulins (Igs), IgG and IgM titers] were also detected in treatment groups. Biomolecule administered chickens showed better feed conversion ratios and significantly higher (p<0.05) weekly weight gains. From the current study, it was concluded that A. vera derived polysaccharides have potential to be used as immunotherapeutic agent(s) in chickens.

How to Cite This ArticleUllah MI, Akhtar M, Awais MM, Anwar MI, Khaliq K: Immunological and anti-Eimeria effects of hot water and methanolic extracts of Pleurotus sajor-caju in broiler. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (6): [893][894][895][896][897][898] 2018. AbstractPresent study reports the immunomodulatory and anti-Eimeria effects of hot water and methanolic extracts of Pleurotus (P.) sajor-caju (a locally grown oyster mushroom). Mushrooms were processed to obtain hot water and methanolic extracts followed by lyophilization. The lyophilized extracts were subjected to proximate analysis followed by their evaluation for immunomodulatory and anti-Eimeria activities. Immunomodulatory evaluation of these extracts in industrial broilers revealed significantly higher (P<0.05) cell mediated immunity through lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P as compared to control. These extracts also showed higher humoral immune response through elicited total Ig, IgG, and IgM titers at day 7 th and 14 th after primary and secondary intramuscular injections of sheep red blood cells. Further, all the groups were orally inoculated with infective dose of sporulated oocysts of Eimeria (E.) species (including E. tenella, E. maxima, E. acervulina and E. necatrix) followed by monitoring of per cent mortality, oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) and intestinal lesion scoring. OPG values in birds of experimental groups administered with mushroom extracts were significantly lower (P<0.05) as compared to those of control group. Control group showed higher mortality ratio and lesions scores as compared to groups administered with extracts. In conclusion, hot water and methanolic extracts of P. sajor-caju showed significant immune boosting activity in broilers and subsequent protective efficacy against Eimeria infection. ÖzBu çalışmada Pleurotus (P.) sajor-caju (yerel yetişen bir istiridye mantarı) sıcak su ve metanolik ekstraktının bağışıklık düzenleyici ve anti-Eimeria etkileri araştırılmıştır. Mantarlardan liyofilizasyonla sıcak su ve metanolik ekstraktı elde edildi. Liyofilize edilen ekstraktlar bağışıklık düzenleyici ve anti-Eimeria aktivitelerini test etmek amacıyla analiz edildi. Ticari broiler tavuklarda bu ekstraktların bağışıklık düzenleyici etkisinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında fitohemaglutinine karşı lenfoproliferatif cevap ile karakterize hücre aracılı bağışıklığın anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P<0.05). Bu ekstraktlar, koyun kırmızı kan hücrelerinin primer ve sekonder kas içi enjeksiyonu sonrası 7. ve 14. günlerde total Ig, IgG ve IgM titreleri ile karakterize humoral bağışıklık cevabın da yüksek olmasına neden oldu. Tüm gruplara Eimeria (E.) türleri (E. tenella, E. maxima, E. acervulina ve E. necatrix) enfektif dozda oral yolla inokule edildi ve sonrasında mortalite yüzdesi, her bir gram dışkıda oosit miktarı ve barsak lezyonları incelendi. Kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında mantar ekstraktı verilen hayvanların yer aldığı deney gruplarında her bir gram dışkıda oosit miktarı anla...